Barbara46 (2001) US | Not stated | Lesbian women | Age range 24–65 years; 69% white; 90% some college education | 32 | Qualitative, focus groups | Purposive, community-based | 75 |
Beehler21 (2001) US | Primary care | Gay men | Median age 38 years (range 25–52); 82% white; 91% some college education | 11 | Qualitative, interview | Snowball | 50 |
Stein29 (2001) US | Range — 77% primary care | Men and women of any sexual orientation | Mean age 45 years (range 19–83); 76% white; 80% at least college education | 575 | Quantitative descriptive, survey | Convenience, snowball; community-based | 25 |
Boehmer32 (2004) US | Oncology | Lesbian and bisexual women | Mean age 49 years (range 26–67); 94% white; 97% at least college | 39 | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, community-based snowball | 75 |
Clover48 (2006) UK | Not specified | Gay men | Age range 60–75 years; 100% white | 10 | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, community-based | 50 |
McDonald50 (2006) Canada | Not specified | Lesbian women | Age range 26–56 years; 100% white; 73% at least some college education | 15 | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, community-based | 25 |
Bjorkman40 (2007) Norway | Primary care | Lesbian women | Mean age 41 years (range 28–59); all white; all well educated | 6 | Qualitative, focus groups | Convenience, online | 75 |
Mulligan35 (2007) Australia | Not specified | Lesbian and bisexual women | Age range 20–71 years | 47 | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, online, and community-based | 50 |
Adams20 (2008) New Zealand | Primary care | Gay men | Not specified | 50 | Qualitative, focus groups | Not specified | 50 |
Bjorkman31 (2009) Norway | Any, majority primary care | Lesbian women | Age range 18–≥60 years (68% aged 20–39); 87% Norwegian native; 67% some college education | 121 | Qualitative, online | Convenience, online questionnaire | 75 |
Politi36 (2009) US | Not specified | Women of any sexual orientation | Mean age 55 years; 98% white; 73% at least college education | 40 | Qualitative, interview | Convenience, community-based | 50 |
Daley41 (2012) Canada | Mental health | Lesbian women | Age range 20–58 years; 83% white | 18 | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, healthcare, and community | 75 |
Biddix44 (2013) US | Military | Gay and bisexual men | Age range 18–47 years (56% 18–27); 86% white; 91% some college education | 30 | Quantitative, descriptive survey | Convenience, online | 0 |
Johnson22 (2014) US | Not specified | Non-heterosexual women | Mean age 20 years (range 18–23); 77% white; all university students | 9 | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, online | 75 |
Koh23 (2014) Australia | Primary care | Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender men and women | Modal age 20–29 years (range 18–≥60) | 99 | Qualitative, online questionnaire | Purposive, online, and print | 75 |
Sharek38 (2014) Ireland | Range | Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender men and women | 59% aged 55–59 years | 144 survey + 36 interview | Mixed methods | Convenience, print/events/online | 50 |
Sherman28 (2014) US | Military | Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender men and women | >50% aged 40–59 years; 84% white | 58 | Mixed methods | Convenience, healthcare, online, and community | 0 |
Wirtz49 (2014) Malawi | Range | Men who have sex with men | Not specified | 8 | Qualitative, interview | Responder-driven, purposive | 75 |
Law34 (2015) Canada | Primary care | Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender men and women | Mean age 32 years; 91% university education | 12 | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, snowball | 75 |
Marques24 (2015) Portugal | Not specified | Lesbian women | Mean age 37 years (range 21–63) | 30 | Qualitative, interview | Snowball | 75 |
Mattocks25 (2015) US | Military | Lesbian women | Age range 41–50 years; 35% white, 30% Hispanic, 15% African American | 20 | Mixed methods | Purposive, print, and healthcare | 0 |
Quinn42 (2015) US | Not specified | Men and women of any sexual orientation | Not specified | 632 | Mixed methods | Purposive, online | 50 |
Underhill39 (2015) US | Range | Men who have sex with men | Median age 27 years (male sex workers); median age 39 years (MSM); 76% white; 40–50% college education | 56 | Qualitative, interview | Convenience, snowball | 75 |
Fish33 (2016) UK | Oncology | Lesbian, gay, or bisexual men and women | Mean age 54 years (range 41–71) | 15 | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, community, and web-based | 75 |
Furlotte47 (2016) Canada | ‘Home care’ | Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender men and women and their partners | Mean age 64 years (range 39–75); 96% white | 24 (12 couples) | Qualitative, individual and paired interviews | Web-based, purposive, snowball | 75 |
Legere45 (2016) Canada | Oncology | Lesbian and bisexual women | 2 in 20s, 4>40 years; 28% black | 7 (6 patients, 1 HCP) | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, print, and online | 100 |
Munson26 (2016) New Zealand | Primary care | Lesbian and bisexual women | Age range 23–47 years; 83% higher education | 6 | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, snowball | 100 |
Roller27 (2016) US | Not specified | Lesbian and bisexual women | Mean age 41 years (range 21–59); all white; 67% college degrees | 13 | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, online | 75 |
Venetis30 (2017) US | Not specified | Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender men and women | Mean age 28 years (range 21–44); 66% white | 24 | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, community and online, snowball | 100 |
Wanyenze43 (2016) Uganda | Not specified | Men who have sex with men | 50% aged 21–25 years | 85 + 61 key informants | Mixed methods | Purposive, snowball, responder-driven | 0 |
Rose37 (2017) International | Oncology or primary care | Gay and bisexual men | Mean 64 years; 67% white | 124 + 21 partners | Qualitative, interview | Purposive, online, and postal | 50 |