PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Jackie Sturt
AU  - Saima Ali
AU  - Wendy Robertson
AU  - David Metcalfe
AU  - Amy Grove
AU  - Claire Bourne
AU  - Chris Bridle
TI  - Neurolinguistic programming: a systematic review of the effects on health outcomes
AID  - 10.3399/bjgp12X658287
DP  - 2012 Nov 01
TA  - British Journal of General Practice
PG  - e757--e764
VI  - 62
IP  - 604
4099  - http://bjgp.org/content/62/604/e757.short
4100  - http://bjgp.org/content/62/604/e757.full
SO  - Br J Gen Pract2012 Nov 01; 62
AB  - Background Neurolinguistic programming (NLP) in health care has captured the interest of doctors, healthcare professionals, and managers.Aim To evaluate the effects of NLP on health-related outcomes.Design and setting Systematic review of experimental studies.Method The following data sources were searched: MEDLINE®, PsycINFO, ASSIA, AMED, CINAHL®, Web of Knowledge, CENTRAL, NLP specialist databases, reference lists, review articles, and NLP professional associations, training providers, and research groups.Results Searches revealed 1459 titles from which 10 experimental studies were included. Five studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and five were pre-post studies. Targeted health conditions were anxiety disorders, weight maintenance, morning sickness, substance misuse, and claustrophobia during MRI scanning. NLP interventions were mainly delivered across 4–20 sessions although three were single session. Eighteen outcomes were reported and the RCT sample sizes ranged from 22 to 106. Four RCTs reported no significant between group differences with the fifth finding in favour of the NLP arm (F = 8.114, P<0.001). Three RCTs and five pre-post studies reported within group improvements. Risk of bias across all studies was high or uncertain.Conclusion There is little evidence that NLP interventions improve health-related outcomes. This conclusion reflects the limited quantity and quality of NLP research, rather than robust evidence of no effect. There is currently insufficient evidence to support the allocation of NHS resources to NLP activities outside of research purposes.