Subgroup effect sizesa for significant interactions.
| Outcome | Interacting factor | Subgroup effect size, Cohen's d (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-efficacy | Self-efficacy | Lower third | Middle third | Upper third |
| 0.56 (0.37 to 0.75) | 0.42 (0.30 to 0.54) | 0.22 (0.02 to 0.41) | ||
| Self-efficacy | HR-QOL | 0.57 (0.36 to 0.79) | 0.36 (0.24 to 0.49) | 0.29 (0.13 to 0.46) |
| Energy | Age group | <40 years | 40–59 years | ≥60 years |
| 0.73 (0.37 to 1.09) | 0.13 (−0.07 to 0.33) | 0.10 (−0.09 to 0.28) | ||
| Energy | Healthcare useb | 0–2 visits | 3–5 visits | 6 visits or more |
| 0.06 (−0.12 to 0.24) | 0.14 (0.0 to 0.27) | 0.31 (0.14 to 0.48) | ||
| HR-QOL | General health | Poor to fair | Good to excellent | |
| 0.25 (0.09 to 0.41) | –0.05 (−0.24 to 0.15) | |||
| HR-QOL | Self-efficacy | Lower third | Middle third | Upper third |
| 0.34 (0.14 to 0.54) | 0.14 (0.02 to 0.26) | –0.05 (−0.25 to 0.15) | ||
| HR-QOL | Energyb | 0.28 (0.09 to 0.48) | 0.17 (0.04 to 0.29) | –0.01 (−0.21 to 0.19) |
| HR-QOL | HR-QOL | 0.35 (0.13 to 0.56) | 0.09 (−0.03 to 0.22) | −0.03 (−0.20 to 0.14) |
↵a Effect sizes after adjustment for baseline values of the following (except those that were also the interacting factor): outcome, patient age, sex, ethnicity, disease condition, general health, and accommodation.
↵b Not significant when controlled for Strategic Health Authority. HR-QOL = health-related quality of life.