Risk factors for winter respiratory hospital admissions from adjusted multivariate models.
| Final modelb | Excluding admissions identified by hospital search onlyc | |
|---|---|---|
| Risk factorsa | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) |
| Age, per year | 1.1 7 (1.05 to 1.31) | 1.1 8 (1.03 to 1.35) |
| Chronic conditions | ||
| None | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| COPD only | 4.0 (1.4 to 11.4) | 3.9 (1.3 to 12.1) |
| Other condition | 2.9 (1.2 to 7.0) | 2.6 (1.0 to 6.8) |
| COPD and other condition | 6.7 (2.4 to 18.4) | 5.0 (1.6 to 15.5) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smoker | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Ex-smoker | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.2) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.8) |
| Current smokerd | 1.8 (0.8 to 4.0) | 3.2 (1.2 to 8.7) |
| Hospitalisation in previous year | ||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Once | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.5) | 1.9 (0.6 to 5.6) |
| Twice or more | 4.6 (1.3 to 16.0) | 5.9 (1.6 to 21.6) |
| Functional score | ||
| Independent | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Restricted | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.9) |
| House bound/chair/bed-bound | 2.2 (1.0 to 4.8) | 1.3 (0.5 to 3.3) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| White British | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| White Irish | 4.3 (1.3 to 14.3) | 2.9 (0.6 to 12.8) |
| Other | 1.9 (0.4 to 8.5) | 1.7 (0.2 to 13.0) |
| Rural urban index | ||
| Urban | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Rural | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.8) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) |
| Oral steroidse | ||
| None | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 1 course | 1.6 (0.7 to 3.7) | 1.6 (0.6 to 4.3) |
| 2 courses or more courses | 2.4 (1.3 to 4.6) | 3.3 (1.5 to 7.0) |
| Regular contact with friends or family | ||
| Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 4.5 (1.3 to 15.8) | 5.2 (1.1 to 25.7) |
↵a Only risk factors included in the final models are shown; all covariates adjusted for each other.
↵b Based on 575 observations.
↵c Based on 426 observations.
↵d Includes smokers who quit less than 12 months previously.
↵e Conservative estimate: reported number of courses minus 1 (patient-reported). COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. OR = odds ratio.