Adjusted hazard ratios for primary and secondary endpoints among patients according to level of cardiovascular multimorbidity.a
| Level of cardiovascular multimorbidity | Primary endpoint: death from any cause | Secondary endpoint: cardiovascular composite | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| exp
(95% CI) |
| exp
(95% CI) | |
| CVD onlyb | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| CVD and CKD | 0.598 | 1.82 (1.11 to 2.99) | 0.299 | 1.35 (0.88 to 2.07) |
| CVD and diabetes | 0.550 | 1.73 (0.79 to 3.78) | 0.827 | 2.29 (1.25 to 4.17) |
| CVD, CKD, and diabetes | 1.553 | 4.73 (2.43 to 9.18) | 1.001 | 2.72 (1.54 to 4.81) |
Total number of patients = 1256.
↵a Cox proportional hazards model used in the above analysis adjusted for the following covariates (*denotes covariates kept in the final all-cause mortality model; **denotes covariates kept in the final cardiovascular composite event model): age*,**; sex; smoking status*; systolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure; total cholesterol level**; previous myocardial infarction**; angina; heart failure; stroke; peripheral vascular disease**; thromboembolic events; prior percutaneous coronary intervention; prior coronary artery bypass grafting; use of aspirin; beta-blocker; lipid-lowering agent; or ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor*,**.
↵b This group served as the reference group. CVD = cardiovascular disease. CKD = chronic kidney disease.