Selected characteristics of randomised controlled studies examining psychological treatment in primary care.
| Sessions | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Recruitment | Definition of depression | Psychological treatment | n | n | Format | Treatment provider | Control | n | Measurements | Instruments | ITT | Country |
| Barrett et al, 200118 | NR | DYS or minD + HAM-D >10 | PST | 80 | 6 | Ind | Psychol | Placebo | 81 | Pre, post | HSCL-D-20 | + | US |
| Conradi et al, 200734 | Referral | MDD (CIDI) | CBT (+PE) | 44 | 14 | Ind | Psychol | CAU | 72 | Pre, post, 3, 6, 36 mo | BDI | + | NL |
| King et al, 200035 | Referral | BDI >14 + depressed according to GP | CBT Non-directive counseling | 63 | 6 | Ind | Psychol | CAU | 67 | Pre, post, 12 mo | BDI | + | UK |
| 67 | Psychol | ||||||||||||
| Lynch et al, 200419 | Screening | HAM-D 11–26, | PST Stress management | 9 | 6, t | Ind | Nurse | CAU | 13 | Pre, Post | BDI, DHP-D | − | US |
| 18 | 6, t | Nurse | |||||||||||
| Lynch et al, 199736 | Screening | sD (HighMOS-DSI; no MDD/DYS) | PST | 11 | 6 | Ind | Students | CAU | 13 | Pre, Post | HAM-D, BDI | + | UK |
| Mynors-Wallis et al, 199515 | Referral | MDD (RDC) + HAM-D >13 | PST | 30 | 6 | Ind | Psychiatr + GPs | Placebo | 30 | Pre, post | HAM-D, BDI | + | UK |
| Ross & Scott, 198516 | Referral | MDD (PSE/RDC) + BDI >15 | CBT (Ind) | 21 | 12 | Ind | Social worker | WL | 21 | Pre, post, 3, 6, 12 mo | BDI, MADRS | − | UK |
| CBT (group) | 9 | 12 | Grp | Social worker | 3, 6, 12 mo | ||||||||
| Schulberg et al, 199617 | Screening | MDD (DIS/DSM-III-R) + HAM-D >13 | IPT | 93 | 16 | Ind | Psychiatr + psychol | CAU | 92 | Pre, post, 2, 4 mo | HAM-D | + | US |
| Scott & Freeman, 199238 | Referral | MDD (DSM-III) | CBT | 29 | 16 | Ind | Psychol | CAU | 29 | Pre, post | HAM-D | − | UK |
| Counseling | 29 | 16 | Ind | Social workers | |||||||||
| Scott et al, 199739 | Referral | MDD (DSM-III-R) + BDI >20 | CBT | 18 | 6 | Ind | CBT therapist | CAU | 16 | Pre, post, 3, 6, 12 mo | HAM-D, BDI | − | UK |
| Scott & Stradling, 199037 | Referral | Depressive disorder (RDC/PSE) + BDI >14 | CBT (ind) | 27 | 12 | Ind | NR | WL | 23 | Pre, post, 3, 6, 12 mo | BDI, MADRS, IDAQ | − | UK |
| CBT (grp) | 17 | 12 | Grp | NR | |||||||||
| Simpson et al, 200320 | Screening | BDI 14–40, depressed for 6 months | Psychodynamic counseling | 73 | 6–12 | Ind | Counsellors | CAU | 72 | Pre, post, 12 mo | BDI | + | UK |
| Teasdale et al, 198440 | NR | MDD (RDC) + BDI >20 + HAM-D >14 | CBT | 17 | 15 | Ind | Psychol | CAU | 17 | Pre, post, 3 mo | MADRS, BDI, HAM-D | + | UK |
| Van Schaik et al, 200624 | Screening | GDS-15 >5 + MDD (Prime-MD) | IPT | 69 | 10 | Ind | Psycholog + psychiatr nurses | CAU | 74 | Pre, post | MADRS, GDS | + | NL |
| Williams et al, 200041 | Screening | DYS or minD + HAM-D >10 | PST | 80 | 6 | Ind | Psycholog + social workers + counselors | Placebo | 81 | Pre, Post | HSCL-D-20 | + | US |
BDI = Beck Depression Inventory. CAU = care-as-usual. CBT = cognitive-behavioural therapy. CIDI = Composite International Diagnostic Interview. DHP-D = Duke Health Profile — depression scale. DIS = Diagnostic Interview Schedule. DSM-III-R = The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders — third revision. DYS = dysthymia. GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale. Grp = group therapy. HAM-D = Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. HSCL-D-20 = Hopkins Symptom Checklist Depression Scale. IDAQ = Irritability, Depression, Anxiety Questionnaire. Ind = individual therapy. IPT = interpersonal psychotherapy. ITT = intention-to-treat. MADRS = Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. MDD = major depressive disorder. minD = minor depression. Mo = months. MOS-DSI = Medical Outcomes Study — Depression Sscreening Iinventory. NL = the Netherlands. NR = not reported. PE = psycho-education. Prime-MD = The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. PSE = Present State Examination. PST = problem-solving therapy. psychiatr nurse = psychiatric nurse. Psychiatr = psychiatrist. Psychol = psychologist. RDC = Research Diagnostic Criteria. sD = subthreshold depression. t = telephone sessions. WL = waiting-list control group.