Clinical area	Asthma (n = 7438)		COPD (n = 7446)		CHD (n = 7452)		Diabetes (n = 7441)		Hypertension (n = 7440)		Hypothyroid (n = 7445)		Mental health (n = 7452)		Stroke (n = 7451)

Characteristic	β	βSE(β)	β	SE(β)	β	βSE(β)	β	SE(β)	β	SE(β)	β	SE(β)	β	SE(β)	β	SE(β)
Intercept	73.687	1.023	81.814	0.954	82.795	0.382	85.136	0.619	92.568	0.269	94.576	0.339	82.807	0.992	76.531	0.43

Bias adjustment
Denominator used	4.930^c	0.376	2.484^c	0.259	1.275^c	0.111	1.421^c	0.142	0.439^c	0.098	0.906^c	0.104	10.513^c	0.550	1.971^c	0.178

Area
Density (people per hectare 2001)	–0.214	0.167	–0.433^b	0.156	–0.156^a	0.066	–0.135	0.115	–0.176^a	0.075	–0.200^b	0.070	–0.034	0.241	–0.150	0.122
Index of Multiple Deprivation	–1.089^c	0.169	–0.767^c	0.184	–0.123	0.105	–0.246	0.131	0.053	0.075	0.092	0.065	–0.884^c	0.226	–0.348^b	0.107

Patients
≥65 years of age	–0.542^b	0.168	–0.148	0.161	0.452^a	0.201	0.256	0.196	0.132	0.322	–0.099	0.209	–0.850^b	0.264	–0.174	0.174
% Member of racial or ethnic minority	–0.058	0.225	–0.393^a	0.195	–0.131	0.102	–0.075	0.222	–0.194^a	0.084	–0.142	0.087	0.364	0.229	–0.361^a	0.160

Disease prevalence
Unadjusted prevalence	0.171	0.256	–0.564^b	0.201	–0.758^b	0.290	–0.406	0.404	–0.288	0.461	0.275	0.393	0.912^b	0.311	0.570^b	0.212

Practice
Size of practice population	–0.844^c	0.146	–0.071	0.135	–0.148^b	0.050	–0.052	0.078	–0.213^c	0.057	–0.087	0.054	–0.417^a	0.203	–0.181^a	0.082
List size per FTE GP	–0.172^a	0.078	–0.041	0.069	–0.024	0.036	–0.120	0.072	–0.014	0.052	0.019	0.022	0.249^c	0.072	0.007	0.057
Single-handed practice	0.610	0.471	–0.662	0.491	–0.110	0.212	–0.681	0.353	–0.431	0.233	–0.326	0.259	–1.156	0.668	–0.239	0.288
Primary medical services contract	–0.331	0.289	0.178	0.240	–0.125	0.111	0.202	0.175	–0.116	0.114	0.072	0.118	–0.816^a	0.392	–0.122	0.164

GPs
≥45 years of age	–0.167	0.155	–0.199	0.129	–0.179^c	0.052	–0.095	0.092	–0.107	0.056	–0.092	0.050	0.236	0.245	–0.101	0.087
% Female GPs	0.140	0.155	0.426^b	0.142	0.136^a	0.059	0.394^c	0.112	0.220^b	0.071	0.328^c	0.064	0.529^a	0.209	0.278^b	0.094
% GPs qualified in UK	0.151	0.209	1.040^c	0.172	0.385^c	0.064	0.613^c	0.130	0.378^c	0.069	0.367^c	0.083	0.048	0.245	0.864^c	0.122

Practice nurses
List size per FTE practice nurse (Quintiles)
1st ≤3038.01	0.402	1.054	2.032^a	0.933	0.902^a	0.368	1.935^b	0.604	0.469	0.257	0.773^a	0.311	–0.113	1.055	0.614	0.425
2nd 3038.02–3901.48	0.285	1.037	1.854	0.999	0.844^a	0.376	1.777^a	0.618	0.416	0.257	0.624	0.324	1.246	1.033	0.574	0.438
3rd 3901.49–4823.44	–0.132	1.060	1.270	0.988	0702	0.387	1.505^a	0.630	0.237	0.278	0.494	0.373	0.238	1.009	0.285	0.448
4th 4823.45–6210.68	0.493	1.049	1.091	1.004	0.562	0.393	1.430^a	0.627	0.108	0.278	0.489	0.348	0.888	1.057	0.110	0.448
5th ≥6210.69	0.134	1.067	0.652	1.014	0.516	0.377	1.073	0.626	–0.059	0.286	0.360	0.350	0.865	1.039	0.293	0.447
No practice nurse	0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000

Glocal test for effect if nurse staffing –2 log likelihood (IGLS)
Model without practice nurse variable	56674.875		54382.727		41977.87		48650.395		42035.926		42503.215		62172.301		48558.688
Model with practice nurse variable	56670.934		54355.82		41962.691		48622.941		42018.652		42492.777		62163.653		48550.57
Difference in log likelihood (5df)	3.941		26.907		15.196		27.454		17.274		10.438		8.648		8.188

	P = 0.56		P<0.0001		P = 0.0096		P<0.0001		P = 0.0040		P = 0.064		P = 0.12		P = 0.15

Variance
PCT level	3.689	0.627	4.373	0.530	1.536	0.177	7.693	1.353	0.713	0.106	0.584	0.123	8.115	1.345	1.952	0.270
Practice level	92.117	3.165	59.199	2.771	11.888	1.124	30.856	1.953	12.773	1.588	12.642	2.113	165.301	6.176	27.091	1.551

df = degrees of freedom. CHD = coronary heart disease. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. FTE = full-time equivalent. SE = standard error.
↵a aP<0.05;
↵b bP<0.01;
↵c cP<0.001.