Positive mental health (WEMWBS), scale range 14–70 | Optimism (LOT–R), scale range 0–24 | Resilience (BRS), scale range 1–5 | Self-efficacy (GSE), scale range 10–40 | Hope (ASHS), scale range 6–48 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean (SD) | P | n | Mean (SD) | P | n | Mean (SD) | P | n | Mean (SD) | P | n | Mean (SD) | P | |
Total | 214 | 50.2 (8) | 215 | 15.6 (3.3) | 221 | 3.35 (0.7) | 213 | 30.3 (3.8) | 212 | 34.5 (6.7) | |||||
Sex | |||||||||||||||
Male | 111 | 49.6 (7.6) | 0.12 | 109 | 15.3 (3.4) | 0.06 | 112 | 3.3 (0.6) | 0.57 | 109 | 30.6 (4) | 0.37 | 109 | 34.4 (6.7) | 0.56 |
Female | 92 | 51.4 (8.4) | 90 | 16.2 (3.2) | 92 | 3.4 (0.7) | 88 | 30.1 (3.5) | 87 | 35.0 (6.2) | |||||
Location | |||||||||||||||
Urban | 112 | 50.0 (7.5) | 0.60 | 110 | 15.4 (3.2) | 0.18 | 113 | 3.3 (0.7) | 0.27 | 111 | 29.9 (3.6) | 0.12 | 110 | 34.7 (6.5) | 0.57 |
Rural | 85 | 50.6 (8.6) | 83 | 16.0 (3.5) | 85 | 3.4 (0.6) | 80 | 30.7 (3.8) | 80 | 34.2 (6.8) | |||||
Partners | |||||||||||||||
≤4 GPs | 114 | 50.0 (7.7) | 0.52 | 113 | 15.8 (3.4) | 0.58 | 115 | 3.4 (0.6) | 0.31 | 109 | 30.2 (3.5) | 0.81 | 109 | 34.2 (6.8) | 0.53 |
≥5 GPs | 91 | 50.7 (8.4) | 89 | 15.5 (3.2) | 92 | 3.3 (0.7) | 91 | 30.4 (4.2) | 90 | 34.8 (6.6) | |||||
Age | |||||||||||||||
≤44 | 86 | 49.7 (7.8) | 82 | 15.5 (3.2) | 86 | 3.4 (0.6) | 86 | 29.9 (3.1) | 85 | 34.5 (5.7) | |||||
45–54 | 79 | 49.6 (7.9) | 0.21a | 79 | 15.4 (3.4) | 0.42a | 79 | 3.3 (0.7) | 0.36a | 75 | 30.5 (4.2) | 0.57a | 75 | 33.3 (7.4) | 0.14a |
≥55 | 45 | 52.1 (8.2) | 45 | 16.1 (3.1) | 47 | 3.4 (0.6) | 44 | 30.4 (4.3) | 44 | 35.7 (6.7) |
↵a P-value from ANOVA, analysis of variance. ASHS = Adult State Hope Scale. BRS = Brief Resilience Scale. GSE = General Self Efficacy Scale. LOT-R = Life Orientation Test of Optimism. SD=standard deviation. WEMWBS = Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. See Appendices 1 and 2 for details of missing data across sociodemographic and outcome variables.