Table 5.

Difference in costs (in €, 2012–2014) for each medication group for partially adherent and non-adherent patients in comparison with initially adherent patients based on adjusted multilevel regression analysis

Cost, €	All medications, mean (95% CI)		Chronic, mean (95% CI)		Analgesics, mean (95% CI)		Penicillins, mean (95% CI)
Cost, €	Partially adherent	Initially non-adherent	Partially adherent	Initially non-adherent	Partially adherent	Initially non-adherent	Partially adherent	Initially non-adherent
Medical cost	−2.02 (−4.79 to 0.76)	−10.54^a (−12.62 to −8.46)	−16.35^a (−31.22 to −1.47)	−34.51^a (−40.84 to −28.18)	8.07^a (3.60 to 12.57)	−12.54^a (−14.82 to −10.26)	−12.51 (−29.56 to 4.54)	−6.84^a (−13.42 to −0.27)
Drug cost	−22.59^a (−24.21 to −20.97)	−15.38^a (−16.41 to −14.35)	−62.03^a (−73.17 to −50.89)	−55.75^a (−55.75 to −48.60)	−6.40^a (−8.29 to −4.52)	−7.49^a (−8.48 to −6.49)	−10.99^a (−19.17 to −3.47)	−3.21^a (−6.04 to −0.38)
Sick leave cost (minimum salary)	80.90^a (73.54 to 88.26)	52.99^a (47.68 to 58.31)	39.97^a (11.87 to 68.05)	44.30^a (29.90 to 58.70)	80.62^a (70.00 to 91.26)	57.91^a (51.81 to 64.02)	67.20^a (32.13 to 102.27)	85.20^a (70.42 to 99.97)
Sick leave cost (mean salary)	244.89^a (222.61 to 267.17)	160.42^a (144.32 to 176.50)	120.96^a (35.93 to 205.99)	134.10^a (90.50 to 177.69)	244.05^a (211.88 to 276.23)	175.30^a (156.81 to 193.79)	203.42^a (97.26 to 309.58)	257.89^a (213.16 to 302.61)
Total cost (minimum salary for sick leave)	34.56^a (25.48 to 43.63)	2.58 (−3.82 to 8.98)	−49.55^a (−85.90 to −13.20)	−61.76^a (−79.65 to −43.86)	65.21^a (52.47 to 77.96)	14.15^a (6.89 to 21.41)	9.86 (−36.42 to 56.15)	56.86^a (38.05 to 75.67)
Total cost (mean salary for sick leave)	242.12^a (218.33 to 265.91)	164.71^a (147.70. to 181.71)	52.30 (−37.43 to 142.03)	10.74 (−35.61 to 57.10)	256.59^a (222.78 to 290.40)	166.60^a (149.85 to 186.34)	144.99^a (30.35 to 259.64)	229.99^a (182.60 to 277.37)

↵a Statistically significant differences. PCC = primary care centre.