Table 1.

Summary of quality assessment tool results

	Lead author

	Artac³⁴	Bhaskaran³⁵	Booth³²	Booth³¹	Dalton³⁶	Goodfellow³⁷	Osborn³³

Year of publication	2013	2013	2015	2013	2011	2016	2011

Rationale and aim clear?	×	×	×	×	×	×	×

Appropriate study design?	×	×	×	×	×	×	×

Baseline demographics of subjects given?	×		×	×	×	×	×

Population choice, representative of:
UK primary care patients nationally		×
UK primary care patients in a local area
A specific group	×		×	×	×	×	×
Not specified

Predefined sampling frame?	×	×	×	×	×	×	×

Sampling type:
Census/100% sample	×				×
Random		×	×	×		×
Systematic							×
Convenience
Not specified

Setting and location of recruitment identified?	×	×	×	×	×	×	×

Applied equally to all subjects?	×	×	×	×	×		×

Validated/standardised extraction technique?	×				×	×

Data from quality-controlled database of secure records?	×	×	×	×	×	×	×

Time period included clear (post-QOF data identified)?	×	×	×	×	×	×	×

Clearly defined outcome measures, for example, BMI-defined obesity	×	×	×	×	×	×

Primary outcome was BMI or calculable BMI record	×	×		×	×		×

Medical codes/other documentation included			×	×	×	×

Predictive factors, for example, age, sex, practice detailed	×	×	×	×	×	×	×

Statistical methods used appropriately	×	×	×	×	×	×	×

Results presented clearly (sufficient data presented)	×	×	×	×	×

Interpretation takes into account sources of bias/imprecision (exclusions, missing data)	×	×	×	×	×	×	×

Interpretation is made in the context of current evidence	×	×	×	×	×	×	×

Generalisability of results:
All UK adults
All UK primary care adult patients		×					×
All overweight/obese UK primary care patients			×	×		×
Patients in a local region	×				×
Not clear to whom generalisable

BMI = body mass index. QOF = Quality and Outcomes Framwork. × = yes.