Authors | Year of publication | Geographical area and period under study | Main outcome | Key results |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ryan A, et al 38 | 2016 | Populations of UK and 27 other high income countries,1994–2010. | Mortality levels from chronic diseases targeted by QOF. | Mortality fell in all countries over the period. QOF not associated with any step change in mortality in the UK. Difference between mortality/100 000 between UK observed and expected −3.7 (95% CI = −8.2 to 0.8). |
Harrison MJ, et al 39 | 2014 | All English practices, 1998–2010. | Rates of emergency admissions:
| Emergency admission rates increased by 34%, but rate of increase lower for conditions for which care incentivised by QOF than other types of emergency admission.
The lower increase in emergency admission rates among those for whom care incentivised by QOF was mainly driven by admissions for coronary heart disease. |
Kontopantelis E, et al 40 | 2015 | A total of 627 practices in the CPRD across UK, 2000–2011. | Primary care consultation rates in people with SMI and people without SMI. | Mean consultation rates between 2000 and 2011:
For both, trend of increasing rates before 2004. Significant step change increase in 2004 for both groups, much bigger step change for people with SMI. After this, rate of increase declined in both groups. Face-to-face consultation rate:
|
Gallagher N, et al 41 | 2015 | A total of 516 practices in the GPRD across UK, 1999–2008. | The % of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed medication within 24 months after diagnosis. | Pre-intervention 1999–2003: rate decreasing by 1.4% per year (95% CI = 0.8 to 2.1). Post-intervention 2004–2008: rate increased by 1.6% per year (95% CI = 0.8 to 2.3). |
Kontopantelis E, et al 42 | 2013 | A total of 148 practices in the GPRD across England, 2001–2006. | Delivery of care of type 2 diabetes — composite of achievement of the 17 diabetes QOF indicators, including processes and outcomes. | Pre-intervention 2001–2003: delivery of care improving. Post-intervention 2004–2006: delivery of care improved over and above the previous trend. In the first year, 14% improvement in score over and above expected (95% CI = 13.7 to 14.6). By third year, 7% improvement in score over and above expected (95% CI = 6.7 to 8.0). |
CI = confidence interval. CPRD = Clinical Practice Research Datalink. GPRD = General Practice Research Database. QOF = Quality and Outcomes Framework. SMI = severe mental illness.