Table 4.

Multilevel, univariate, and multivariate analyses of GP consultations, 2013–2014^a

	Univariate			Multivariate^b

	Rate ratio	95% CI	P-value	Rate ratio	95% CI	P-value
Sex
Male	1			1
Female	1.22	1.21 to 1.22	<0.01	1.20	1.19 to 1.21	<0.01

Ethnicity
White	1			1
Asian	1.00	0.98 to 1.02	0.98	1.13	1.10 to 1.15	<0.01
Chinese	0.74	0.68 to 0.80	<0.01	0.82	0.76 to 0.89	<0.01
Black	0.85	0.83 to 0.88	<0.01	0.95	0.92 to 0.98	<0.01
Other/mixed	0.88	0.86 to 0.91	<0.01	1.01	0.99 to 1.04	0.31
Unknown	0.65	0.64 to 0.65	<0.01	0.71	0.70 to 0.72	<0.01

Age
<5	1.80	1.77 to 1.84	<0.01	1.63	1.60 to 1.66	<0.01
5–14	1			1
15–24	1.41	1.39 to 1.44	<0.01	1.65	1.62 to 1.68	<0.01
25–44	1.66	1.63 to 1.68	<0.01	1.86	1.83 to 1.89	<0.01
45–64	1.83	1.80 to 1.86	<0.01	2.13	2.09 to 2.17	<0.01
65–74	2.24	2.20 to 2.28	<0.01	2.57	2.51 to 2.62	<0.01
>74	3.25	3.19 to 3.30	<0.01	3.54	3.48 to 3.62	<0.01

FTE nurses
≤2	1
>2 and ≤4	1.04	0.94 to 1.14	0.46
>4 and ≤6	1.09	0.93 to 1.28	0.26
>6 and ≤8	1.43	1.08 to 1.89	0.01
>8 and ≤19	1.29	0.92 to 1.82	0.14
Unknown	1.04	0.91 to 1.18	0.59

FTE GPs
≤2	1			1
>2 and ≤4	1.17	1.03 to 1.32	0.01	1.17	1.04 to 1.32	0.01
>4 and ≤6	1.25	1.11 to 1.40	<0.01	1.25	1.12 to 1.40	<0.01
>6 and ≤8	1.21	1.06 to 1.37	<0.01	1.23	1.08 to 1.39	<0.01
>8 and ≤19	1.34	1.17 to 1.54	<0.01	1.36	1.19 to 1.56	<0.01
Unknown	4.68	2.86 to 7.65	<0.01	4.07	2.52 to 6.57	<0.01

IMD
1st quintile	1			1
2nd quintile	1.05	1.03 to 1.06	<0.01	1.04	1.02 to 1.05	<0.01
3rd quintile	1.06	1.04 to 1.07	<0.01	1.06	1.04 to 1.07	<0.01
4th quintile	1.09	1.08 to 1.11	<0.01	1.11	1.10 to 1.13	<0.01
5th quintile	1.15	1.13 to 1.17	<0.01	1.17	1.15 to 1.19	<0.01
Unknown	0.96	0.92 to 0.99	0.03	1.18	1.14 to 1.23	<0.01

Smoking status
Current smoker	1			1
Non-smoker	0.89	0.88 to 0.90	<0.01	0.88	0.87 to 0.89	<0.01
Ex-smoker	1.09	1.08 to 1.10	<0.01	0.96	0.95 to 0.97	<0.01
Unknown	0.82	0.81 to 0.83	<0.01	1.12	1.11 to 1.14	<0.01

QOF achievement score
1st quintile	1
2nd quintile	1.02	0.89 to 1.16	0.82
3rd quintile	1.09	0.95 to 1.24	0.21
4th quintile	1.04	0.92 to 1.17	0.57
5th quintile	1.05	0.93 to 1.19	0.42
Unknown	2.25	1.48 to 3.41	<0.01

Training practice
No	1
Yes	1.10	1.03 to 1.19	0.01
Unknown	4.07	2.49 to 6.66	<0.01

Rurality
Urban >10 000 to less sparse	1
Hamlet, village, town, & fringe	1.10	0.99 to 1.22	0.08

↵a The random effect parameter for each analysis is practice.
↵b The multivariate columns only include data for those covariates that had a significant effect on consultation rate. FTE = full-time equivalent. IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation. QOF = Quality and Outcomes Framework.