Study | N a | Sex M:F | Age, years | Population | Ethnicity | Statinsc | Methodology | Data collection | Data analysis | Research topic and scope | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General | At-risk | CVDb | Yes | No | |||||||||
Australia and/or New Zealand | |||||||||||||
Gialamas 201125 | 26 | 11:15 | 41–70 | — | 26 | — | NS | 26 | — | Qualitative | Telephone interviews | Content and thematic analysis | Knowledge of medication and risk, beliefs and concerns |
Kairuz 200822 | 31 | 10:21 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 10 | 21 | Mixed methods | Semi-structured interviews | Thematic analysis | Medication compliance in older people |
Speechly 201045 | 13 | 6:7 | 50–75 | — | — | 13 | NS | NS | NS | Mixed methods | Questionnaire, semi-structured interviews | Thematic analysis | Attitudes to health lifestyle behaviours and medication |
Denmark | |||||||||||||
Felde 201146 | 22 | NS | 42–80 | — | 22 | — | NS | • | NS | Ethnomethodology | Face-to-face interviews | Interpretative analysis | Dilemma between medical regimens and everyday life |
Kirkegaard 201329 | 14 | 6:8 | 24–70 | — | 14 | — | NS | • | NS | Ethnography | Interviews | Ethnographic approach | Cholesterol-lowering medication and risk |
France | |||||||||||||
Durack–Bown 200327 | 27 | 18:9 | 31–71 | — | 18 | 9 | NS | 27 | — | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews | Content analysis | Lipid-lowering medication, experience, knowledge |
Sweden | |||||||||||||
Kärner 200247 | 23 | 14:9 | 41–61 | — | — | 23 | NS | NS | NS | Phenomenology | Semi-structured interviews | Phenomenographic approach | Conceptions concerning drug treatment, lifestyle |
Thailand | |||||||||||||
Chaipichit 201428 | 100 | 52:48 | 36–77 | — | • | • | Asian | 100 | — | Qualitative | Face-to-face interviews | Thematic analysis | Adverse drug reactions to statins, patient experience |
UK | |||||||||||||
Edwards 201048 | 18 | 5:13 | 23–77 | 8 | 4 | 6 | NS | NS | NS | Qualitative | Serial interviews | Framework | Health literacy analysis |
Jamison 201649 | 28 | 21:7 | 60–89 | — | — | 28 | White, Asian | • | • | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews | Grounded-theory analysis | Polypill for secondary stroke prevention |
Polak 201550 | 34 | NS | 53–87 | — | 17 | 17 | NS | 34 | — | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews | Constant comparative method | Using risk information in decision making |
Saukko 201251 | 30 | 20:10 | 30–65 | — | 30 | — | NS | — | 30 | Qualitative | Telephone and face-to-face interviews | Constant comparative thematic analysis | Prevention of CVD |
Stack 200824 | 19 | 9:10 | 41–82 | — | 19 | — | Mixed | 18 | 1 | Qualitative | Semi-structured face-to-face interviews | Modified grounded theory | Multiple medicines in patients with comorbid T2D and CVD |
Todd 201618 | 12 | 7:5 | ≥18 | — | 12 | — | NS | • | • | Phenomenology | In-depth interviews | Phenomenological approach | Experience of patients, carers, and healthcare professionals of medication use |
Tolmie 200319 | 33 | 20:13 | 24–80 | — | • | • | NS | 33 | — | Qualitative | Face-to-face interviews | Thematic analysis | Perspectives on compliance with statin therapy |
Turner 201352 | 28 | 20:8 | 40–74 | — | 28 | — | White | 16 | 12 | Qualitative | Telephone interviews | Thematic analysis | Reasons for variation in statin take-up |
Virdee 201553 | 17 | 11:6 | ≥50 | — | • | • | Mixed | • | • | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews | Thematic analysis | Patient perspectives on polypill to manage cardiovascular risk |
US | |||||||||||||
Chakraborty 201332 | 30 | 18:12 | NS | — | 30 | — | Mixed | 30 | — | Mixed methods | In-depth interviews | Content analysis and questionnaires | Distrust in health care, noncompliance |
Coombs 200531 | 8 | NS | 22–67 | — | 5 | 3 | Mixed | 8 | — | Mixed methods | Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews | Phenomenological analysis | Scale item generation for the development of Lipid Lowering Therapy Quality of Life Scale |
Dixon 200954 | 27 | 10:17 | 22–64 | — | • | • | NS | NS | NS | Qualitative | Semi-structured face-to-face interviews | Thematic analysis | Barriers to treatment, chronic illness management strategies |
Fung 201023 | 18 | 9:9 | NS | — | • | • | NS | • 18 | — | Qualitative | Focus groups | Thematic analysis | Perspectives on non-adherence to statins |
Garavalia 200933 | 40 | 20:20 | 44–78 | — | — | 40 | NS | 29 | 11 | Qualitative | Telephone interviews | Qualitative descriptive analysis | Reasons for discontinuation of medication, perception of risk |
Gillespie 200921 | 21 | 11:10 | 26–75 | — | • | — | NS | • | • | Qualitative | In-depth semi-structured interviews | Grounded-theory approach | Emotional, social, and everyday life impact of living with a measured risk |
Goldman 200626 | 50 | NS | 27–84 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | Qualitative | Focus groups | Content analysis | Patient perspectives and knowledge on cholesterol, risk |
Harrison 201355 | 98 | 52:46 | 29–97 | — | • | • | Mixed | 98 | — | Mixed methods | Telephone survey, open-ended questions | Primary non-adherence to statins | |
Im 201517 | 16 | 10:6 | 40–84 | — | — | — | Mixed | 15 | 1 | Qualitative | In-depth interviews | Interpretative analysis approach | Effect of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising on adherence |
Lau 200856 | 20 | 3:17 | NS | — | • | • | Mixed | NS | NS | Qualitative | Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews approach | Grounded theory | Factors influencing medication importance |
Madison 201057 | 10 | 0:10 | 60–93 | — | — | 10 | NS | • | • | Mixed methods | In-depth interviews | Content analysis | Self-management intervention |
Rifkin 201058 | 20 | 12:8 | 55–84 | — | • | • | Mixed | • | • | Ethnography | Face-to-face interviews | Ethnographic approach | Medication prioritisation |
Wu 200859 | 16 | 9:7 | 41–84 | — | — | 16 | Mixed | None | None | Qualitative | In-depth interviews | Content analysis | Medication adherence in patients with HF |
↵• without number underneath = original study indicated the inclusion of patients in the category, but did not report the number of patients.
↵a Number of relevant population (excluded population, for example, physicians or healthcare professionals).
↵b Diagnosed with CVD, or had a CVD event.
↵c Prescribed or took/taking medication at the time of the study. CHD = congenital heart disease. CVD = cardiovascular disease. HF = heart failure. NS = not stated. T2D = type 2 diabetes.