Beliefs |
|
Causal explanation |
Internal | 291 | 1.1 | 0.4 to 3.0 | 0.88 | | NAb | | 0.8 | 0.4 to 1.6 | 0.6 | | NAb | | 1.1 | 0.6 to 2.0 | 0.76 | | NAb | |
Natural world | 139 | 0.6 | 0.2 to 1.6 | 0.29 | 0.5 | 0.2 to 1.5 | 0.22 | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.4 | 0.44 | 0.5 | 0.3 to 1.1 | 0.08 | 0.3 | 0.1 to 0.7 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.0 to 0.5 | 0.01 |
Interpersonal/social | 102 | 1.4 | 0.5 to 3.7 | 0.51 | 0.4 | 0.1 to 1.4 | 0.14 | 1.0 | 0.5 to 2.0 | 0.99 | 0.7 | 0.3 to 1.8 | 0.4 | 4.1 | 2.3 to 7.1 | <0.001 | 1.3 | 0.5 to 3.7 | 0.62 |
Medical/iatrogenic | 25 | 2.2 | 0.5 to 8.8 | 0.26 | | NAb | | 1.1 | 0.3 to 3.7 | 0.84 | | NAb | | 0.5 | 0.9 to 2.2 | 0.31 | | NAb | |
Supernatural | 47 | 1.7 | 0.4 to 6.5 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.1 to 2.5 | 0.41 | 2.5 | 1.1 to 5.4 | 0.02 | 2.7 | 0.9 to 8.3 | 0.07 | 2.4 | 1.1 to 5.0 | 0.02 | 1.1 | 0.2 to 5.2 | 0.94 |
|
Beliefs about timing (duration) |
Less than a week | 182 | 1.0 | NAc | | 1.0 | NAc | | 1.0 | NAc | | 1.0 | NAc | | 1.0 | NAc | | 1.0 | NAc | |
Between a week and a month | 88 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 2.7 | 0.77 | 0.7 | 0.2 to 1.8 | 0.40 | 1.2 | 0.6 to 2.6 | 0.57 | 1.0 | 0.4 to 2.2 | 0.92 | 0.9 | 0.4 to 2.0 | 0.77 | 0.4 | 0.1 to 1.7 | 0.22 |
More than a month | 18 | 1.7 | 0.7 to 4.2 | 0.27 | 1.2 | 0.5 to 3.0 | 0.70 | 0.9 | 0.4 to 1.8 | 0.73 | 0.5 | 0.2 to 1.2 | 0.12 | 3.5 | 2.0 to 6.1 | <0.01 | 1.2 | 0.6 to 2.6 | 0.58 |
Fears about current illness | 193 | 0.8 | 0.4 to 1.6 | 0.58 | 0.9 | 0.4 to 2.2 | 0.86 | 1.3 | 0.8 to 2.1 | 0.26 | 1.2 | 0.7 to 2.1 | 0.40 | 2.9 | 1.8 to 4.7 | <0.01 | 2.4 | 1.1 to 5.1 | 0.02 |
|
Expectations from the consultation |
Diagnosis | 97 | 0.7 | 0.2 to 0.4 | 0.5 | | NAb | | 1.7 | 0.8 to 3.7 | 0.19 | | NAb | | 0.7 | 0.4 to 1.3 | 0.21 | | NAb | |
Further investigations | 50 | 1.5 | 0.4 to 5.4 | 0.55 | | NAb | | 1.3 | 0.5 to 3.6 | 0.55 | | NAb | | 0.8 | 0.3 to 2.0 | 0.68 | | NAb | |
Treatment (or prescription renewal) | 223 | 0.3 | 0.1 to 0.7 | 0.01 | | NAb | | 0.7 | 0.4 to 1.1 | 0.14 | | NAb | | 0.7 | 0.4 to 1.2 | 0.16 | | NAb | |
Medical certificate or letter of referral | 44 | 2.8 | 1.0 to 7.8 | 0.05 | 2.9 | 0.8 to 10.0 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 1.0 to 2.4 | 0.04 | 2.1 | 1.0 to 4.7 | 0.06 | 2.0 | 1.0 to 4.1 | 0.05 | 3.2 | 0.8 to 12.9 | 0.10 |
Good communication/explanations | 186 | 2.7 | 0.9 to 7.4 | 0.06 | | NAb | | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.3 | 0.33 | | NAb | | 1.6 | 1.0 to 2.8 | 0.06 | | NAb | |
|
Beliefs about pathophysiology |
Belief own actions make health problems worse | 158 | 1.5 | 0.7 to 3.3 | 0.26 | | NAb | | 1.5 | 0.9 to 2.5 | 0.11 | | NAb | | 1.2 | 0.7 to 2.3 | 0.48 | | NAb | |
Belief natural environment makes health problems worse | 71 | 0.9 | 0.2 to 3.8 | 0.93 | | NAb | | 1.2 | 0.6 to 2.6 | 0.60 | | NAb | | 0.8 | 0.4 to 1.6 | 0.52 | | NAb | |
Belief psychosocial environment makes health problems worse | 25 | 1.2 | 0.1 to 13.0 | 0.86 | 2.2 | 0.1 to 40.1 | 0.57 | 1.6 | 0.4 to 6.8 | 0.49 | 1.2 | 0.2 to 8.7 | 0.87 | 5.8 | 2.1 to 15.9 | 0.001 | 0.6 | 0.1 to 4.5 | 0.63 |
Belief own actions make it better | 166 | 1.6 | 0.6 to 3.8 | 0.31 | | NAb | | 1.2 | 0.7 to 1.9 | 0.46 | | NAb | | 1.2 | 0.8 to 1.8 | 0.47 | | NAb | |
Belief that health problems will get better with medical intervention | 102 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 2.0 | 0.58 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 2.4 | 0.69 | 0.6 | 0.3 to 1.1 | 0.10 | 0.6 | 0.3 to 1.1 | 0.12 | 0.4 | 0.2 to 0.8 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 0.1 to 1.5 | 0.20 |
|
Self-perceived mild to severe mental illness | 107 | 0.6 | 0.1 to 5.6 | 0.66 | 0.6 | 0.1 to 5.4 | 0.58 | 8.4 | 4.5to15.7 | <0.001 | 9.4 | 4.5 to 19.7 | <0.001 | 54.7 | 22.0 to 135.7 | <0.001 | 62.6 | 22.8to172 | <0.001 |
|
Self-perceived mild to severe physical illness | 141 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 2.1 | 0.64 | 1.0 | 0.3 to 3.5 | 0.96 | 2.5 | 1.5 to 4.2 | 0.01 | 1.8 | 0.9 to 3.6 | 0.10 | 3.5 | 2.0 to 6.2 | <0.001 | 1.2 | 0.5 to 3 | 0.67 |
|
Other patient factors |
|
Consultations in the past 6 monthsNAd |
≥1 | 130 | 1.0 | NAc | | 1.0 | NAc | | 1.0 | NAc | | 1.0 | NAc | | 1.0 | NAc | | 1.0 | NAc | |
2–7 | 212 | 3.6 | 1.1 to 12.3 | 0.04 | 2.5 | 0.6 to 10.9 | 0.23 | 2.0 | 0.9 to 4.0 | 0.07 | 1.8 | 0.7 to 4.5 | 0.23 | 3.9 | 1.7 to 8.7 | 0.002 | 2.6 | 0.8 to 8.8 | 0.13 |
>7 | 108 | 3.4 | 0.9 to 13.4 | 0.08 | 1.5 | 0.3 to 8.6 | 0.62 | 2.3 | 1.1 to 4.9 | 0.04 | 1.2 | 0.4 to 3.3 | 0.71 | 13.0 | 6.5 to 26.2 | <0.001 | 3.0 | 1.0 to 8.4 | 0.04 |
|
Days off school/work in past 6 months | 175 | 1.6 | 0.6 to 4.2 | 0.30 | 3.2 | 1.1 to 9.4 | 0.03 | 1.9 | 1.0 to 3.6 | 0.04 | 2.0 | 0.9 to 4.3 | 0.08 | 3.7 | 2.2 to 6.2 | <0.001 | 2.7 | 1.2 to 5.7 | 0.01 |
|
Consultation was patient's own idea | 250 | 1.0 | 0.4 to 2.1 | 0.96 | | NAd | | 1.1 | 0.6 to 1.7 | 0.83 | | NAb | | 0.8 | 0.6 to 1.2 | 0.29 | | NAb | |
|
Took advice from family/friends for their health problem | 307 | 1.8 | 0.8 to 4.0 | 0.15 | | NAd | | 0.7 | 0.4 to 1.1 | 0.12 | | NAb | | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.3 | 0.33 | | NAb | |
|
Came alone to the consultation | 319 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 2.0 | 0.65 | | NAd | | 0.9 | 0.5 to 1.8 | 0.84 | | NAb | | 1.2 | 0.7 to 2.2 | 0.52 | | NAb | |
|
Came to usual practice | 227 | 5.6 | 1.4 to 21.9 | 0.2 | 6.5 | 1.4 to 29.5 | 0.02 | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.5 | 0.99 | 1.1 | 0.7 to 2.0 | 0.62 | 2.8 | 1.7 to 4.3 | <0.001 | 3.4 | 1.6 to 6.9 | 0.002 |
|
GP/consultation factors |
|
GP and patient are different sex | 190 | 0.77 | 0.28 to 2.1 | 0.60 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 2.2 | 0.61 | 1.8 | 1.0 to 3.2 | 0.05 | 1.8 | 1.0 to 3.1 | 0.06 | 1.2 | 0.6 to 2.2 | 0.63 | 1.5 | 0.6 to 3.7 | 0.36 |
|
GP thinks patient has a mild to severe physical illness | 329 | 2.3 | 0.5 to 10.4 | 0.27 | | NAb | | 1.3 | 0.7 to 2.6 | 0.44 | | NAb | | 1.1 | 0.6 to 2.0 | 0.74 | | NAb | |
|
GP trained ≥5 hours in mental health | 327 | | NAe | | | NAb | | 1.3 | 0.7 to 2.5 | 0.46 | | NAb | | 1.1 | 0.5 to 2.5 | 0.78 | | NAb | |
|
GP trained ≥5 hours in adolescent health | 238 | 1.5 | 0.5 to 4.6 | 0.47 | | NAb | | 1.0 | 0.6 to 1.7 | 0.94 | | NAb | | 0.7 | 0.5 to 1.2 | 0.18 | | NAb | |