Age, years | 68.7 (±11.5) | 76.5 (±8.7) | 65.5 (±11.0)a |
|
Female, % | 54.3 | 58.8 | 57.5 |
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Diabetes duration, years | 7.7 (±7.5) | 9.2 (±8.5) | 7.1 (±7.0)a |
|
Smoking, % |
Never | 50.4 | 51.9 | 49.8 |
Former smoker | 30.6 | 31.6 | 30.1 |
Current smoker | 18.1 | 14.9 | 19.4 |
|
BMI, kg/m2 | 28.9 (±4.8) | 28.3 (±5.0) | 29.2 (±4.7)b |
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Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 155.1 (±25) | 154.0 (±27) | 154.3 (±24) |
|
HbA1c, % | 7.5 (±1.3) | 7.6 (±1.3) | 7.5 (±1.2)c |
|
Creatinine clearance, ml/min | 63.2 (±20.0) | 51.5 (±16.7) | 68.1 (±19.2)a |
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Total cholesterol/HDL ratio | 5.3 (±1.60) | 5.2 (±1.7) | 5.2 (±1.5) |
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LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.4 (±1.0) | 3.3 (±1.0) | 3.4 (±1.0) |
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Statin use, % | 11.2 | 10.2 | 12.1 |
|
Insulin use, % | 15.4 | 21.2 | 12.3a |
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Microalbuminuria, % | 41.8 | 55.3 | 36.6a |
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Macroalbuminuria, % | 5.5 | 7.9 | 4.5c |
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Macrovascular complications, % | 61.4 | 77.9 | 54.5a |