1. The needs and preference of service users | • viewing health care from the user's perspective |
| • using tools to understand and respond to users |
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2. Health care as a process | • systems thinking; complexity; process mapping |
| • reliability; lean thinking; flow; spread; sustainability; risk |
| • Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycles |
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3. The nature of knowledge | • philosophy of science |
| • measurement; variation |
| • innovation |
| • local versus generalisable knowledge |
| • small versus large scale change |
| • improvement statistics; reporting info; process mapping |
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4. The wider environment | • health system structure and function |
| • organisational culture |
| • historical, social, and political context |
| • health policy; professionalism; accountability |
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5. Human behaviour | • psychology of change; influencing; learning styles |
| • leadership; teamwork; management |
| • multidisciplinarity; reflective learning |