Diabetes screening after gestational diabetes in England: a quantitative retrospective cohort study

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Figure 1.
Time until glucose testing over the first year after delivery in a group of 788 females with gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Figure 2.
(a) Proportion undergoing short-term follow-up by region. (b) Proportion undergoing one or more long-term follow-up screening tests between January 2006 and December 2010 by region. Error bars represent 95% CIs.

Table 2.

Long-term screening rates over 5 years for females with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus

Year	Group, n	Followed-up n(%)	Abnormal results n(%)	New diabetes n(%)
2006	718	137 (19.1)	10 (7.3)	5 (3.7)
2007	713	143 (20.1)	4 (2.8)	1 (0.7)
2008	712	153 (21.5)	5 (3.3)	0 (0.0)
2009	712	155 (21.8)	7 (4.5)	1 (0.7)
2010	711	141 (19.8)	6 (4.3)	0 (0.0)

Table 4.

Factors associated with undertaking long-term diabetes screening in 718 females over a 5-year period

Model performance		Random effects
Bayesian information criteria	1013	Random intercepts for practice region:
-log-likelihood	470.4	Variance	0.427
ROC curve statistic	0.68	Standard deviation	0.653

Fixed effects	n(%)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value

Smoking status
Not recorded	251 (35.0)	0.80 (0.56 to 1.14)	0.212
Never smoked	299 (41.6)	1.00 [reference]
Current	118 (16.4)	0.56 (0.35 to 0.89)	0.014
Ex-smoker	50 (7.0)	0.71 (0.37 to 1.35)	0.295

Ethnicity
White	273 (38.0)	1.00 [reference]
Mixed	11 (1.5)	2.13 (0.58 to 7.89)	0.258
Asian	115 (16.0)	1.66 (1.02 to 2.72)	0.041
Black	39 (5.4)	1.16 (0.57 to 2.37)	0.679
Other	14 (1.9)	0.79 (0.25 to 2.47)	0.689
Actively not stated	21 (2.9)	0.66 (0.26 to 1.70)	0.393
Not recorded	245 (34.1)	0.69 (0.47 to 1.00)	0.050