Abu Raya 201325 | 309 | Israel | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational prospective | <1 year | NPA | Acute bronchitis | PCR | NR | BP | Univariable |
Akhras 201026 | 256 | US | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational retrospective | <18 years | NPS or NPW | Any RTI | Assay | NR | RSV and hMPV | NR |
Al-Toum 200916 | 200 | Jordan | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational prospective | <1 year | NPA | Any RTI | Culture | NR | AdV | Univariable |
Berman 199027 | 90 | US | Secondary care: outpatients | Observational prospective | <1 year | NPA | Any RTI | Immunofluorescence or culture | NR | RSV, CP, BP, PIV, RV | NR |
Chen 201028 | 878 | China | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational prospective | <18 years | NPA | Any RTI | PCR | NR | RSV, hMPV | Univariable |
Durani 200829 | 197 | US | Emergency department | Observational prospective | <1 year | NPW | Bronchiolitis | Assay | NR | RSV | Multivariable |
Esposito 201030 | 69 | Italy | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational prospective | <1 year | NPS | Bronchiolitis | PCR | NR | RSV | Univariable |
Flores 200414 | 225 | Portugal | Secondary care: inpatients and emergency department | Observational prospective | <1 year | NPS | Bronchiolitis | PCR | Yes | RSV | Univariable |
Gagliardi 200931 | 262 | Brazil | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational prospective | <18 years | NPA | Any RTI | PCR | NR | RSV, hMPV, CV, IA, IB, PIV | Univariable |
Ghafoor 199032 | 1492 | Pakistan | Secondary care: inpatients and outpatients | Observational prospective | <18 years | NPA | Any RTI | Immunofluorescence or culture | NR | RSV, PIV, IA, IB, AdV | Univariable |
Harnden 200733 | 425 | UK | Primary care | Observational prospective | <18 years | NPA | Any RTI | PCR | NR | IA, IB, RSV, hMPV, PIV, AdV | Multivariable |
Heininger 199334 | 3629 | Germany | Primary care | Observational prospective | <18 years | NPS | Any RTI | Immunofluorescence | NR | BP | Univariable |
IJpma 200435 | 137 | South Africa | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational prospective | <18 years | NPA | Any RTI | PCR | NR | hMPV, RSV, I | Univariable |
Kellner 198936 | 519 | Austria | Secondary care: inpatients. Secondary care: outpatients | Observational prospective | <18 years | NPA | Any RTI | Assay or culture | NR | RSV, RV | Univariable |
Khamis 201237 | 259 | Oman | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational prospective | <18 years | NPA | Any RTI | PCR | NR | RSV, AdV,PIV, IA IB, RV, hMPV, hBOV | Univariable |
Lamarão 201238 | 1050 | Brazil | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational prospective | <18 years | NPA | Community-acquired pneumonia | DFA | NR | RSV | Multivariable |
Mansbach 200815 | 277 | US | Emergency department | Observational prospective | <1 year | NPA | Bronchiolitis | PCR | NR | RSV, RV, hMPV, I | Univariable |
Mathisen 201039 | 2219 | Nepal | Community | Observational prospective | <18 years | NPA | Any RTI | PCR | Yes | RSV, IA, IB, PIV, hMPV | Multivariable |
Nuolivirta 201040 | 142 | Finland | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational retrospective | <1 year | NPA | Bronchiolitis | Immunofluorescence or PCR | NR | RSV, IA, IBAdV, PIV, hMPV, hBOV | Univariable |
Papadopoulous 200241 | 118 | Greece inpatients | Secondary care | Observational prospective | <1 year | NPW | Any RTI | PCR | NR | RSV, CV, IA, IB, PIV, AdV, CP | Multivariable |
Pecchini 200842 | 455 | Brazil | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational prospective | <1 year | NPA | Any RTI | Immunofluorescence | NR | RSV, AdV, IA, IV, PIV | Univariable |
Pierangeli 201243 | 231 | Italy | Emergency department | Observational prospective | <18 years | Pharyngeal swab and nasal wash | Bronchiolitis, pneumonia, influenza-like illness, ‘wheezing’ | PCR | NR | RSV, IA, RV | Univariable |
Regamey 200844 | 112 | Switzerland | Community | Observational prospective | <1 year | Nasal swab | Any RTI | PCR chain | Yes | RV, CV, PIV, RSV, hMPV, hBOV, IA, IB, AdV, EV | Univariable |
Rhedin 201445 | 209 (data extracted from case patients only) | Sweden | Emergency department | Matched case-control | <18 years | NPA | Any RTI | Real-time PCR | NR | IA, IB, AdV, hBOV, CV, EV, hMPV, RV, PIV, RSV | Multivariable |
Teeratakulpisarn 200746 | 170 | Thailand | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational prospective | <1 year | NPA | Bronchiolitis | Real-time PCR | NR | RSV, hMPV | Univariable |
von Linstow 200447 | 383 | Denmark | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational retrospective | <1 year | NPA | Bronchiolitis | PCR or assay | NR | RSV, hMPV | Univariable |
Weigl 200348 | 700 | Germany | Secondary care: inpatients | Retrospective case-control | <18 years | NPA | Any RTI | PCR | NR | IA, IB,PIV, AdV, EV, MP, CP | Multivariable |
Xepapadaki 200413 | 56 | Greece | Secondary care: inpatients | Observational prospective | <1 year | NPW | Bronchitis | PCR | NR | hMPV and RSV | Univariable |