Bruyninckx (2003) | Belgium | Prospective series using a register populated by GPs | 409 | 42 | ≥18-month clinical follow-up |
Collins and Altman (2013) | UK | Retrospective series using the THIN database | 2 145 133 | 2283 | 2-year follow-up in primary care records |
Deyo (1988) | US | Prospective series from a walk-in clinic | 1975 | 1 | ≥18-month follow-up in institutional tumour registry |
Friedlander (2014) | US | Retrospective series using the Vanderbilt University Medical Centre’s Research Derivative | 2455 | 49 | 180-day follow-up in the Vanderbilt University Medical Centre’s Research Derivative |
Hippisley-Cox and Coupland (2012) | UK | Prospective series using patients in the QResearch database (version 30) | 1 240 722 | 1622 | 2-year follow-up in primary care records |
Jones (2007) | UK | Retrospective series using the GPRDa | 11 108 | 634 | 3-year follow-up in primary care records |
Muris (1995) | The Netherlands | Prospective series from 80/460 GPs in Limburg | 933 | 1 | Follow-up for ≥12 months (mean = 18 months) |
Oudega (2006) | The Netherlands | Prospective series from all 50 primary care physicians within a catchment area (∼130 000 inhabitants) of a non-teaching hospital | 430 | 5b | 2-year follow-up in primary care records |
Price (2014)/Shephard (2012) | UK | Matched case-control study using patients in the GPRDa | 21 718 | 4915 | Bladder cancer code in the UK’s GPRD |
Shephard (2013) | UK | Matched case-control study using patients in the GPRDa | 14 091 | 3149 | Renal cancer code in the UK’s GPRD |