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Research

Comparison of brief interventions in primary care on smoking and excessive alcohol consumption: a population survey in England

Jamie Brown, Robert West, Colin Angus, Emma Beard, Alan Brennan, Colin Drummond, Matthew Hickman, John Holmes, Eileen Kaner and Susan Michie
British Journal of General Practice 2016; 66 (642): e1-e9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp16X683149
Jamie Brown
Health Behaviour Research Centre;
PhD, SSA
Roles: Senior research fellow
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Robert West
Health Behaviour Research Centre;
PhD
Roles: Professor of health psychology
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Colin Angus
School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield.
MSc
Roles: Research fellow
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Emma Beard
Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London.
PhD
Roles: Research associate
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Alan Brennan
School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield.
PhD
Roles: Professor of health economics and decision modelling
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Colin Drummond
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London.
MD
Roles: Professor of addiction psychiatry
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Matthew Hickman
School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol.
PhD
Roles: Professor in public health and epidemiology
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John Holmes
School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield.
PhD
Roles: Senior research fellow
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Eileen Kaner
Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne.
PhD
Roles: Professor of public health & primary care research
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Susan Michie
Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London.
DPhil
Roles: Professor of health psychology
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Article Figures & Data

Tables

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    Table 1.

    Factors associated with receipt of brief intervention for smoking among smokers visiting their GP in the previous year

    FactorIntervention, n = 925aNo intervention, n = 850UnadjustedAdjusted
    Odds ratio95% CIP-valueOdds ratio95% CIP-value
    Mean age, years (SD)b46.9 (16.8)43.6 (17.2)1.191.08 to 1.31<0.011.191.06 to 1.34<0.01
    Female, n (%)498 (53.8)406 (47.8)1.281.06 to 1.54<0.051.351.10 to 1.65<0.01
    Lower social grade,c n (%)568 (61.4)543 (63.9)0.900.74 to 1.090.280.850.69 to 1.050.13
    Region, n (%)
      North (ref)360 (38.9)334 (39.3)––––––
      Central261 (28.2)222 (26.1)1.090.86 to 1.380.461.110.87 to 1.420.40
      South304 (32.9)294 (34.6)0.960.77 to 1.190.710.940.75 to 1.180.59
    No post-16 qualification, n (%)425 (45.9)411 (48.4)0.910.75 to 1.090.310.810.66 to 1.00<0.05
    Children in household, n (%)306 (33.1)312 (36.7)0.850.70 to 1.040.110.960.76 to 1.210.74
    White, n (%)845 (91.4)765 (90.0)1.170.85 to 1.620.330.930.66 to 1.310.67
    Disability, n (%)205 (22.2)128 (15.1)1.611.26 to 2.05<0.0011.441.11 to 1.88<0.01
    Drinking excessively — AUDIT ≥8, n (%)206 (22.3)208 (24.5)0.880.71 to 1.100.271.010.79 to 1.290.92
    Past-year quit attempts, n (%)
      0 (ref)505 (54.6)576 (67.8)––––––
      1271 (29.3)192 (22.6)1.611.29 to 2.01<0.0011.651.32 to 2.08<0.001
      ≥2149 (16.1)82 (9.6)2.071.54 to 2.78<0.0012.021.49 to 2.74<0.001
    Time with urge to smoke 0–5, mean (SD)2.2 (1.3)1.9 (1.2)1.231.14 to 1.33<0.0011.171.05 to 1.31<0.01
    Strength of urge to smoke 0–5, mean (SD)2.2 (1.1)1.9 (1.1)1.251.15 to 1.36<0.0011.080.96 to 1.230.21
    • ↵a The 925/1775 does not precisely correspond with the 50.4% estimate presented in the main body as those data are weighted. The adjusted model includes all variables in the table and month of survey.

    • ↵b Increase is per SD of the sample = 17 years of age.

    • ↵c C2DE. AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. SD = standard deviation.

    • View popup
    Table 2.

    Factors associated with receipt of brief intervention for alcohol among people drinking excessively visiting their GP in the previous year

    FactorIntervention, n = 76aNo intervention, n = 1034UnadjustedAdjusted
    Odds ratio95% CIP-valueOdds ratio95% CIP-value
    Mean age, years (SD)b47.6 (16.2)42.5 (17.9)1.351.07 to 1.71<0.051.320.99 to 1.780.06
    Female, n (%)12 (15.8)362 (35.0)0.350.19 to 0.65<0.010.440.23 to 0.87<0.05
    Lower social grade,c n (%)35 (46.1)450 (43.5)1.110.69 to 1.770.671.080.63 to 1.860.79
    Region, n (%)
      North (ref)34 (44.7)546 (52.8)––––––
      Central15 (19.7)191 (18.5)1.260.67 to 2.370.471.180.59 to 2.360.64
      South27 (35.5)297 (28.7)1.460.86 to 2.470.161.300.73 to 2.320.37
    No post-16 qualification, n (%)25 (32.9)319 (30.9)1.100.67 to 1.800.710.720.40 to 1.290.27
    Children in household, n (%)11 (14.5)261 (25.2)0.500.26 to 0.96<0.050.800.39 to 1.660.55
    White, n (%)72 (94.7)1003 (97.0)0.560.19 to 1.620.280.380.12 to 1.210.10
    Disability, n (%)14 (18.4)114 (11.0)1.820.99 to 3.360.051.190.59 to 2.430.63
    Smoking status, n (%)
      Never smoke (ref)21 (27.6)=424 (41.0)––––––
      Ex-smoker23 (30.3)260 (25.1)1.790.97 to 3.290.061.270.64 to 2.510.49
      Current smoker32 (42.1)350 (33.8)1.851.05 to 3.26<0.051.140.59 to 2.200.69
    AUDIT score 8–40, mean (SD)15.5 (6.9)11.1 (3.7)1.171.12 to 1.22<0.0011.171.12 to 1.23<0.001
    • ↵a The 76/1110 does not precisely correspond with the 6.5% estimate presented in the main body as those data are weighted. The adjusted model includes all variables in the table and month of survey.

    • ↵b Increase is per SD of the sample = 17 years of age.

    • ↵c C2DE. AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. SD = standard deviation.

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British Journal of General Practice: 66 (642)
British Journal of General Practice
Vol. 66, Issue 642
January 2016
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Comparison of brief interventions in primary care on smoking and excessive alcohol consumption: a population survey in England
Jamie Brown, Robert West, Colin Angus, Emma Beard, Alan Brennan, Colin Drummond, Matthew Hickman, John Holmes, Eileen Kaner, Susan Michie
British Journal of General Practice 2016; 66 (642): e1-e9. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp16X683149

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Comparison of brief interventions in primary care on smoking and excessive alcohol consumption: a population survey in England
Jamie Brown, Robert West, Colin Angus, Emma Beard, Alan Brennan, Colin Drummond, Matthew Hickman, John Holmes, Eileen Kaner, Susan Michie
British Journal of General Practice 2016; 66 (642): e1-e9. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp16X683149
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Keywords

  • alcohol drinking
  • brief advice
  • brief intervention
  • counselling
  • smoking

More in this TOC Section

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  • Uptake and adoption of the NHS App in England: an observational study
  • Impact of ACEIs and ARBs-related adverse drug reaction on patients’ clinical outcomes: a cohort study in UK primary care
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