Comparison of brief interventions in primary care on smoking and excessive alcohol consumption: a population survey in England

Article Figures & Data

Table 1.

Factors associated with receipt of brief intervention for smoking among smokers visiting their GP in the previous year

Factor	Intervention, n = 925^{^a}	No intervention, n = 850	Unadjusted			Adjusted

			Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value	Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value
Mean age, years (SD)^{^b}	46.9 (16.8)	43.6 (17.2)	1.19	1.08 to 1.31	<0.01	1.19	1.06 to 1.34	<0.01
Female, n (%)	498 (53.8)	406 (47.8)	1.28	1.06 to 1.54	<0.05	1.35	1.10 to 1.65	<0.01
Lower social grade,^{^c} n (%)	568 (61.4)	543 (63.9)	0.90	0.74 to 1.09	0.28	0.85	0.69 to 1.05	0.13

Region, n (%)
North (ref)	360 (38.9)	334 (39.3)	–	–	–	–	–	–
Central	261 (28.2)	222 (26.1)	1.09	0.86 to 1.38	0.46	1.11	0.87 to 1.42	0.40
South	304 (32.9)	294 (34.6)	0.96	0.77 to 1.19	0.71	0.94	0.75 to 1.18	0.59
No post-16 qualification, n (%)	425 (45.9)	411 (48.4)	0.91	0.75 to 1.09	0.31	0.81	0.66 to 1.00	<0.05
Children in household, n (%)	306 (33.1)	312 (36.7)	0.85	0.70 to 1.04	0.11	0.96	0.76 to 1.21	0.74
White, n (%)	845 (91.4)	765 (90.0)	1.17	0.85 to 1.62	0.33	0.93	0.66 to 1.31	0.67
Disability, n (%)	205 (22.2)	128 (15.1)	1.61	1.26 to 2.05	<0.001	1.44	1.11 to 1.88	<0.01
Drinking excessively — AUDIT ≥8, n (%)	206 (22.3)	208 (24.5)	0.88	0.71 to 1.10	0.27	1.01	0.79 to 1.29	0.92

Past-year quit attempts, n (%)
0 (ref)	505 (54.6)	576 (67.8)	–	–	–	–	–	–
1	271 (29.3)	192 (22.6)	1.61	1.29 to 2.01	<0.001	1.65	1.32 to 2.08	<0.001
≥2	149 (16.1)	82 (9.6)	2.07	1.54 to 2.78	<0.001	2.02	1.49 to 2.74	<0.001
Time with urge to smoke 0–5, mean (SD)	2.2 (1.3)	1.9 (1.2)	1.23	1.14 to 1.33	<0.001	1.17	1.05 to 1.31	<0.01
Strength of urge to smoke 0–5, mean (SD)	2.2 (1.1)	1.9 (1.1)	1.25	1.15 to 1.36	<0.001	1.08	0.96 to 1.23	0.21

↵a The 925/1775 does not precisely correspond with the 50.4% estimate presented in the main body as those data are weighted. The adjusted model includes all variables in the table and month of survey.
↵b Increase is per SD of the sample = 17 years of age.
↵c C2DE. AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. SD = standard deviation.

Table 2.

Factors associated with receipt of brief intervention for alcohol among people drinking excessively visiting their GP in the previous year

Factor	Intervention, n = 76^{^a}	No intervention, n = 1034	Unadjusted			Adjusted

			Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value	Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value
Mean age, years (SD)^{^b}	47.6 (16.2)	42.5 (17.9)	1.35	1.07 to 1.71	<0.05	1.32	0.99 to 1.78	0.06
Female, n (%)	12 (15.8)	362 (35.0)	0.35	0.19 to 0.65	<0.01	0.44	0.23 to 0.87	<0.05
Lower social grade,^{^c} n (%)	35 (46.1)	450 (43.5)	1.11	0.69 to 1.77	0.67	1.08	0.63 to 1.86	0.79

Region, n (%)
North (ref)	34 (44.7)	546 (52.8)	–	–	–	–	–	–
Central	15 (19.7)	191 (18.5)	1.26	0.67 to 2.37	0.47	1.18	0.59 to 2.36	0.64
South	27 (35.5)	297 (28.7)	1.46	0.86 to 2.47	0.16	1.30	0.73 to 2.32	0.37
No post-16 qualification, n (%)	25 (32.9)	319 (30.9)	1.10	0.67 to 1.80	0.71	0.72	0.40 to 1.29	0.27
Children in household, n (%)	11 (14.5)	261 (25.2)	0.50	0.26 to 0.96	<0.05	0.80	0.39 to 1.66	0.55
White, n (%)	72 (94.7)	1003 (97.0)	0.56	0.19 to 1.62	0.28	0.38	0.12 to 1.21	0.10
Disability, n (%)	14 (18.4)	114 (11.0)	1.82	0.99 to 3.36	0.05	1.19	0.59 to 2.43	0.63

Smoking status, n (%)
Never smoke (ref)	21 (27.6)=	424 (41.0)	–	–	–	–	–	–
Ex-smoker	23 (30.3)	260 (25.1)	1.79	0.97 to 3.29	0.06	1.27	0.64 to 2.51	0.49
Current smoker	32 (42.1)	350 (33.8)	1.85	1.05 to 3.26	<0.05	1.14	0.59 to 2.20	0.69
AUDIT score 8–40, mean (SD)	15.5 (6.9)	11.1 (3.7)	1.17	1.12 to 1.22	<0.001	1.17	1.12 to 1.23	<0.001

↵a The 76/1110 does not precisely correspond with the 6.5% estimate presented in the main body as those data are weighted. The adjusted model includes all variables in the table and month of survey.
↵b Increase is per SD of the sample = 17 years of age.
↵c C2DE. AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. SD = standard deviation.