Sample size | 1712 | 370 | 290 | 310 | 742 | |
|
Men, % | 45.1 | 44.3 | 47.6 | 41.6 | 46.0 | 0.465a |
|
Age in years, mean ± SD | 1712 | 79.9 ± 7.2 | 80.4 ± 7.2 | 79.5 ± 7.0 | 79.6 ± 7.4 | 0.392b |
|
Age group, years | 1712 | | | | | 0.761c |
60–74, % | 25.2 | 24.3 | 22.1 | 26.8 | 26.1 | |
74–79.5, % | 24.7 | 25.7 | 27.9 | 24.8 | 22.9 | |
79.5–85, % | 25.4 | 25.9 | 22.8 | 25.2 | 26.1 | |
≥85, % | 24.8 | 24.1 | 27.2 | 23.2 | 24.8 | |
|
Housing | 1712 | | | | | 0.155a |
Independent, % | 92.2 | 90.0 | 91.0 | 92.3 | 93.7 | |
Care institution, % | 7.8 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 7.7 | 6.3 | |
|
Education | 1711 | | | | | 0.645c |
Low, % | 59.7 | 60.8 | 57.2 | 55.5 | 61.9 | |
Middle, % | 28.3 | 28.1 | 30.7 | 29.4 | 27.0 | |
High, % | 12.0 | 11.1 | 12.1 | 15.2 | 11.1 | |
|
Partner status | 1691 | | | | | 0.243a |
No partner, % | 49.3 | 54.5 | 46.3 | 47.6 | 48.5 | |
Co-residing partner, % | 47.4 | 41.5 | 51.2 | 48.9 | 48.2 | |
Partner outside household, % | 3.4 | 4.1 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 3.3 | |
|
Level of urbanicity (1–5; mean ± SD) | 1710 | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | 0.006c |
Low (<500), % | 17.2 | 16.8 | 21.4 | 14.2 | 17.0 | |
Low middle (500–1000), % | 23.3 | 12.7 | 19.3 | 27.2 | 28.5 | |
Middle (1000–1500), % | 17.4 | 18.9 | 21.7 | 15.9 | 15.7 | |
High (1500–2500), % | 23.9 | 34.3 | 19.0 | 22.3 | 21.2 | |
Very high (≥2500), % | 18.2 | 17.3 | 18.6 | 20.4 | 17.7 | |
|
Smoking | 1454 | | | | | 0.364a |
Non-smoker, % | 34.3 | 30.5 | 32.3 | 36.4 | 36.2 | |
Former smoker, % | 51.2 | 52.6 | 53.6 | 52.0 | 49.0 | |
Current smoker, % | 14.5 | 16.8 | 14.1 | 11.5 | 14.8 | |
|
Alcohol use | 1446 | | | | | 0.700a |
No, % | 25.7 | 22.6 | 27.5 | 25.8 | 26.5 | |
Light, % | 52.8 | 53.8 | 49.4 | 53.9 | 53.1 | |
Moderate to very excessive, % | 21.5 | 23.6 | 23.1 | 20.2 | 20.4 | |
|
Morbidity (0–7; mean ± SD) | 1689 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 0.253d |
No disease, % | 8.1 | 9.2 | 7.1 | 9.5 | 7.4 | |
1 disease, % | 22.3 | 21.1 | 20.6 | 19.9 | 24.6 | |
2 diseases, % | 27.4 | 25.7 | 26.2 | 26.8 | 29.0 | |
3 or more diseases, % | 42.2 | 43.9 | 46.1 | 43.8 | 39.1 | |
|
Functional limitations (0–6; mean ± SD) | 1626 | 2.4 ± 2.1 | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 2.5 ± 2.1 | 2.3 ± 2.1 | 0.186d |
No, % | 26.7 | 28.4 | 22.2 | 26.2 | 27.7 | 0.292a |
Yes, % | 73.3 | 71.6 | 77.8 | 73.8 | 72.3 | |
|
Cognition (0–30; mean ± SD) | 1687 | 25.8 ± 3.9 | 26.0 ± 3.7 | 26.0 ± 3.8 | 26.0 ± 3.9 | 0.941d |
<24, % | 18.7 | 20.3 | 19.1 | 18.0 | 18.1 | 0.816a |
≥24, % | 81.3 | 79.7 | 80.9 | 82.0 | 81.9 | |
|
Depression (0–60; mean ± SD) | 1666 | 10.5 ± 7.7 | 11.2 ± 8.3 | 10.3 ± 7.6 | 10.0 ± 7.1 | 0.482d |
<16, % | 80.1 | 79.7 | 76.8 | 80.7 | 81.3 | 0.450a |
≥16, % | 19.9 | 20.3 | 23.2 | 19.3 | 18.7 | |
|
Mastery (7–35; mean ± SD) | 1450 | 22.9 ± 3.9 | 22.5 ± 4.3 | 22.6 ± 4.1 | 23.0 ± 4.1 | 0.390b |
|
Self-efficacy (12–60; mean ± SD) | 1470 | 41.2 ± 5.2 | 41.3 ± 5.7 | 40.8 ± 5.5 | 40.8 ± 5.3 | 0.573b |
|
Self-esteem (4–20; mean ± SD) | 1471 | 14.8 ± 2.4 | 14.8 ± 2.5 | 15.1 ± 2.2 | 15.0 ± 2.3 | 0.552b |