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British Journal of General Practice

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Research

Diagnosis and referral delays in primary care for oral squamous cell cancer: a systematic review

Ciaran Grafton-Clarke, Kai Wen Chen and Jane Wilcock
Br J Gen Pract 2019; 69 (679): e112-e126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18X700205
Ciaran Grafton-Clarke
Northampton General Hospital, Northampton.
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Kai Wen Chen
Northampton General Hospital, Northampton.
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Jane Wilcock
School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, and GP, Silverdale Medical Practice, Swinton, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK.
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Abstract

Background The incidence of oral cancer is increasing. Guidance for oral cancer from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is unique in recommending cross-primary care referral from GPs to dentists.

Aim This review investigates knowledge about delays in the diagnosis of symptomatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in primary care.

Design and setting An independent multi-investigator literature search strategy and an analysis of study methodologies using a modified data extraction tool based on Aarhus checklist criteria relevant to primary care.

Method The authors conducted a focused systematic review involving document retrieval from five databases up to March 2018. Included were studies looking at OSCC diagnosis from when patients first accessed primary care up to referral, including length of delay and stage of disease at time of definitive diagnosis.

Results From 538 records, 16 articles were eligible for full-text review. In the UK, more than 55% of patients with OSCC were referred by their GP, and 44% by their dentist. Rates of prescribing between dentists and GPs were similar, and both had similar delays in referral, though one study found greater delays attributed to dentists as they had undertaken dental procedures. On average, patients had two to three consultations before referral. Less than 50% of studies described the primary care aspect of referral in detail. There was no information on inter-GP–dentist referrals.

Conclusion There is a need for primary care studies on OSCC diagnosis. There was no evidence that GPs performed less well than dentists, which calls into question the NICE cancer option to refer to dentists, particularly in the absence of robust auditable pathways.

  • dentists
  • diagnostic delay
  • general practitioners
  • oral cancer
  • professional delay
  • referral
  • squamous cell cancer
  • Received July 18, 2018.
  • Revision requested August 14, 2018.
  • Accepted August 28, 2018.
  • © British Journal of General Practice 2019
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British Journal of General Practice: 69 (679)
Br J Gen Pract
Vol. 69, Issue 679
February 2019
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Diagnosis and referral delays in primary care for oral squamous cell cancer: a systematic review
Ciaran Grafton-Clarke, Kai Wen Chen, Jane Wilcock
Br J Gen Pract 2019; 69 (679): e112-e126. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp18X700205

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Diagnosis and referral delays in primary care for oral squamous cell cancer: a systematic review
Ciaran Grafton-Clarke, Kai Wen Chen, Jane Wilcock
Br J Gen Pract 2019; 69 (679): e112-e126. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp18X700205
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Keywords

  • dentists
  • diagnostic delay
  • general practitioners
  • oral cancer
  • professional delay
  • referral
  • squamous cell cancer

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© 2019 British Journal of General Practice

Print ISSN: 0960-1643
Online ISSN: 1478-5242