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Research

GPs’ attitudes towards digital technologies for depression: an online survey in primary care

Josefien JF Breedvelt, Victoria Zamperoni, David Kessler, Heleen Riper, Annet M Kleiboer, Iris Elliott, Kathryn M Abel, Simon Gilbody and Claudi LH Bockting
British Journal of General Practice 2019; 69 (680): e164-e170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18X700721
Josefien JF Breedvelt
Mental Health Foundation, London, and PhD candidate at Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Roles: Research lead
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Victoria Zamperoni
Mental Health Foundation, London, UK.
Roles: Senior research officer
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David Kessler
Public Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.
Roles: Reader in primary care
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Heleen Riper
Clinical Psychology and eMental-Health, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam UMC Department of Psychiatry; GGZ InGeest Specialised Mental Health Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Roles: Full professor
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Annet M Kleiboer
Department of Clinical-Neuro-and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Roles: Associate professor in clinical psychology
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Iris Elliott
Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission, Dublin, Ireland.
Roles: Head of policy and research
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Kathryn M Abel
University of Manchester, and honorary consultant psychiatrist, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
Roles: Professor
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Simon Gilbody
University of York and Hull York Medical School, York, UK.
Roles: Professor of psychological medicine
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Claudi LH Bockting
Psychiatry, and licensed clinical psychologist, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Roles: Professor of clinical psychology
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Article Figures & Data

Tables

    • View popup
    Table 1.

    Demographic characteristics of GP responders (N = 1044)

    n%
    Age, years
      30–3929929
      40–4941039
      50–5926025
      ≥60757
    Sex
      Male58456
      Female46044
    GP type
      Principal63461
      Salaried25424
      Locum15615
    • View popup
    Table 2.

    GP practice characteristics (N = 1044)

    n%
    Region
      England83380
      Scotland11011
      Wales666
      Northern Ireland353
    Setting
      Urban42841
      Suburban26426
      Semi-rural25825
      Rural909
      Other40.4
    Practice sizeMean (SD)Range
      Patients, n9773 (5845)500–62 000
      GPs, n7 (4)1–40
    • SD = standard deviation.

    • View popup
    Table 3.

    GP use of e-mental health interventions, by age and sex

    Not using any e-mental health intervention, n (%)aUsing at least one e-mental health intervention, n (%)a
    Age, years
      30–3956 (19)243 (81)
      40–49120 (29)290 (71)
      50–5985 (33)175 (67)
      ≥6027(36)48 (64)
    Sex
      Male187 (32)397 (68)
      Female101 (22)359 (78)
    Total288 (28)756 (72)
    • ↵a Percentages are for row totals and thus represent the % within each age band and sex that reported the use of at least one e-mental health tool versus no use.

    • View popup
    Table 4.

    GP use and awareness of e-mental health interventions for depression

    Type of e-mental health interventionNot aware, n (%)Aware but not using, n (%)Using, n (%)
    Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (cCBT)197 (19)356 (34)491 (47)
    Questionnaire for screening, assessment, or diagnosis426 (41)347 (33)271 (26)
    Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy482 (46)312 (30)250 (24)
    Psycho-education608 (58)223 (21)213 (21)
    Self-management693 (66)207 (20)144 (14)
    Active monitoring693 (66)269 (26)82 (8)
    Peer support714 (68)250 (24)80 (8)
    Sleep management783 (75)192 (18)69 (7)
    Behavioural activation832 (80)174 (17)38 (3)
    • View popup
    Table 5.

    Staff with e-mental health training

    England, n (%)aScotland, n (%)aWales, n (%)aNorthern Ireland, n (%)aTotal, n (%)
    Any staff trained60 (7)14 (13)7 (11)8 (23)89 (9)
    No staff trained/unsure773 (93)96 (87)59 (89)27 (77)955 (92)
    • ↵a The percentages are for column totals and thus represent the % within each nation that are trained versus untrained. Due to rounding, percentages may sum to more than 100.

    • View popup
    Table 6.

    Current versus preferred implementation for commonly used e-mental health interventions

    InterventionGuidedUnguidedBoth/no preference
    Current, n (%)Preferred, n (%)Current, n (%)Preferred, n (%)Current, n (%)Preferred, n (%)
    cCBT, (n = 491)92 (19)260 (53)215 (44)52 (11)184 (37)179 (36)
    Digital questionnaire, (n = 271)88 (32)117 (43)83 (31)46 (17)100 (37)108 (40)
    Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (n = 250)31 (12)118 (47)122 (49)28 (11)97 (39)104 (42
    Psycho-education, (n = 213)26 (12)83 (39)110 (52)39 (18)77 (36)91 (43)
    Self-management, (n = 144)13 (9)52 (36)76 (53)26 (18)55 (38)66 (46)
    • Responses were limited to participants who endorsed using each intervention, therefore the total number of responses will vary between each intervention type. cCBT = Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy.

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British Journal of General Practice: 69 (680)
British Journal of General Practice
Vol. 69, Issue 680
March 2019
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GPs’ attitudes towards digital technologies for depression: an online survey in primary care
Josefien JF Breedvelt, Victoria Zamperoni, David Kessler, Heleen Riper, Annet M Kleiboer, Iris Elliott, Kathryn M Abel, Simon Gilbody, Claudi LH Bockting
British Journal of General Practice 2019; 69 (680): e164-e170. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp18X700721

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GPs’ attitudes towards digital technologies for depression: an online survey in primary care
Josefien JF Breedvelt, Victoria Zamperoni, David Kessler, Heleen Riper, Annet M Kleiboer, Iris Elliott, Kathryn M Abel, Simon Gilbody, Claudi LH Bockting
British Journal of General Practice 2019; 69 (680): e164-e170. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp18X700721
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Keywords

  • depression
  • general practice
  • mental health
  • primary health care
  • technological innovations

More in this TOC Section

  • GPs’ and patients’ views on the value of diagnosing anxiety disorders in primary care: a qualitative interview study
  • The readability of general practice websites: a cross-sectional analysis of all general practice websites in Scotland
  • Antimicrobial stewardship in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cohort study and interrupted time-series analysis
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