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Editorials

Gender incongruence in children, adolescents, and adults

Susan Bewley, Damian Clifford, Margaret McCartney and Richard Byng
British Journal of General Practice 2019; 69 (681): 170-171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19X701909
Susan Bewley
Department of Women and Children’s Health, St Thomas’ Hospital, London.
Roles: Professor Emeritus of Obstetrics and Women’s Health
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Damian Clifford
Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Bodmin, Cornwall.
Roles: Consultant Psychiatrist
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Margaret McCartney
Fulton Street Medical Practice, Glasgow.
Roles: GP
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Richard Byng
Community and Primary Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth.
Roles: GP and Academic
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  • Medical uncertaintiesResponse
    What are the causes of gender dysphoria?The causes of feeling uncomfortable with one’s biological sex are unclear but likely to be multifactorial and include society’s expectations of gender roles.
    Is there a biological basis for the concept of ‘being born in the wrong body’?Humans are sexually dimorphic, with rare intersex conditions being anomalous developments of dimorphic sexual classes. It is not possible to change biological sex. There is no agreed scientific basis for someone having the mind of someone from the opposite sex or being born in the wrong body.
    How should a child or young person questioning their sexual or gender identity be supported?Questioning is a normal part of growing up, as is discomfort during puberty. Young people should be encouraged to talk about their worries as they may not have other people they can trust outside of peer groups.
    What do shared decision making look like in the absence of evidence?Generalists should feel confident and supported to explore the potential links between gender questioning, emotions and cognitions, and the cultural context. Differences in views are likely to occur and provide the basis for each party to shift position.
    How should we advise patients about the outcomes of medical treatments given the paucity of evidence?Medical practitioners should be open and clear that, while satisfaction has been high for previous cohorts, we know little about the impact on physical (for example, fertility), emotional, and social (future intimate relationships) outcomes for the current younger and mainly female group presenting.
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British Journal of General Practice: 69 (681)
British Journal of General Practice
Vol. 69, Issue 681
April 2019
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Gender incongruence in children, adolescents, and adults
Susan Bewley, Damian Clifford, Margaret McCartney, Richard Byng
British Journal of General Practice 2019; 69 (681): 170-171. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp19X701909

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Gender incongruence in children, adolescents, and adults
Susan Bewley, Damian Clifford, Margaret McCartney, Richard Byng
British Journal of General Practice 2019; 69 (681): 170-171. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp19X701909
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    • CHANGING THE LANDSCAPE
    • UNDERSTANDING RISE IN REFERRALS
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More in this TOC Section

  • Long COVID in children and young people: uncertainty and contradictions
  • Overcoming barriers to autistic health care: towards autism-friendly practices
  • Childhood eczema: paths to optimisation of management
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Print ISSN: 0960-1643
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