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Clinical Intelligence

Kidney stone disease: an update on its management in primary care

Christopher R Wilcox, Lily A Whitehurst, Paul Cook and Bhaskar K Somani
British Journal of General Practice 2020; 70 (693): 205-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20X709277
Christopher R Wilcox
Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton.
Roles: GP academic clinical fellow
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Lily A Whitehurst
Department of Urology;
Roles: Urology registrar
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Paul Cook
Department of Biochemical Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton.
Roles: Consultant in chemical pathology and metabolic medicine
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Bhaskar K Somani
Department of Urology;
Roles: Consultant urologist
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WHY WAS THIS UPDATE DEVELOPED?

The incidence of kidney stone disease (urolithiasis) is rising, with a lifetime risk of 10–15%, and a recurrence rate of 50% within 10 years.1 Associated complications include significant pain secondary to renal colic, urinary tract infection (UTI) and urosepsis, and chronic kidney disease. The increasing burden of urolithiasis means that optimising its management in primary care is important.

WHEN TO REFER FOR ACUTE RENAL COLIC

Patients with suspected renal colic (colicky intermittent abdominal and/or flank pain, and haematuria), with no known history of urinary stones, should be offered urgent imaging within 24 hours.2 If signs of a possible UTI are present, initial management should include empiric antibiotics, and urine should be sent for culture. Non-contrast computed tomography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder (CT KUB) is the first-line investigation (sensitivity ∼95%, specificity ∼98%); however, ultrasound is indicated for children and pregnant women (sensitivity ∼84%, specificity ∼53%).3 Patients with known urinary stones also require urgent referral if their pain is uncontrolled with oral analgesia, or if they have signs of sepsis.

For patients whose symptoms have settled, less urgent imaging can be requested, as long as there are no other clinical concerns. Renal function should also be checked.

WHAT TO DO FOR PATIENTS BEING MANAGED CONSERVATIVELY

Stones <4 mm have a …

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British Journal of General Practice: 70 (693)
British Journal of General Practice
Vol. 70, Issue 693
April 2020
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Kidney stone disease: an update on its management in primary care
Christopher R Wilcox, Lily A Whitehurst, Paul Cook, Bhaskar K Somani
British Journal of General Practice 2020; 70 (693): 205-206. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp20X709277

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Kidney stone disease: an update on its management in primary care
Christopher R Wilcox, Lily A Whitehurst, Paul Cook, Bhaskar K Somani
British Journal of General Practice 2020; 70 (693): 205-206. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp20X709277
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  • Top
  • Article
    • WHY WAS THIS UPDATE DEVELOPED?
    • WHEN TO REFER FOR ACUTE RENAL COLIC
    • WHAT TO DO FOR PATIENTS BEING MANAGED CONSERVATIVELY
    • WHEN TO REFER PATIENTS WITH ASYMPTOMATIC STONES
    • DIETARY ADVICE FOR RECURRENT STONE FORMERS
    • WHICH PATIENTS ARE AT HIGH RISK OF RECURRENCE?
    • WHAT INTERVENTIONS ARE OFFERED IN SECONDARY CARE?
    • WHAT PROBLEMS MIGHT PRESENT TO THE GP POSTOPERATIVELY?
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