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Analysis

Focused action is required to protect ethnic minority populations from COVID-19 post-lockdown

Kamlesh Khunti, Ash Routen, Kiran Patel, Sarah N Ali, Paramjit Gill, Amitava Banerjee, Amal Lad, Vinod Patel and Wasim Hanif
British Journal of General Practice 2021; 71 (702): 37-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp21X714581
Kamlesh Khunti
Diabetes Research Centre and Centre for Black Minority Health, University of Leicester, Leicester; Trustee, South Asian Health Foundation.
Roles: Professor of Primary Care Diabetes and Vascular Medicine
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Ash Routen
Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester.
Roles: Research Associate
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Kiran Patel
University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry; Honorary Chair, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry; Honorary Chair, Coventry University, Coventry; Chairman of Trustees, South Asian Health Foundation.
Roles: Chief Medical Officer and Consultant Cardiologist
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Sarah N Ali
Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London; Trustee, South Asian Health Foundation.
Roles: Consultant in Diabetes and Endocrinology
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Paramjit Gill
Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry; Trustee, South Asian Health Foundation.
Roles: Professor of General Practice, GP
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Amitava Banerjee
Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London; Trustee, South Asian Health Foundation.
Roles: Associate Professor in Clinical Data Science and Honorary Consultant Cardiologist
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Amal Lad
Trustee, South Asian Health Foundation.
Roles: GP
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Vinod Patel
Diabetes and Clinical Skills, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry; Hon. Consultant Endocrinology and Diabetes, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton; Trustee, South Asian Health Foundation.
Roles: Professor
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Wasim Hanif
CSL Diabetes, University Hospitals of Birmingham, Birmingham; Trustee, South Asian Health Foundation.
Roles: Professor of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Consultant Physician
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BACKGROUND

Since the association between COVID-19 and ethnicity was first noted in April 2020,1 numerous large-scale national datasets have been analysed.2–6 The evidence is clear — ethnicity is a key risk factor for adverse COVID-19 outcome, alongside age, male sex, obesity, deprivation, and comorbidities.7 There are significant ethnic inequalities in the risk of admission to hospital and risk of death from COVID-19. Black and South Asian ethnic groups are at greatest risk, although most ethnic minorities have been shown to have increased risk when compared with white populations.7 Beyond admission to hospital and mortality risk, there is also concern over longer-term impacts, that is, post-acute COVID-19,8 which could significantly impact ethnic minority populations.

As a result, Public Health England (PHE) released two evidence reviews and recommendations to address the disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in ethnic minority populations.9,10 PHE made only seven recommendations and these were lacking in detail, featuring issues that were already well articulated in minority health literature. The recommendations gave limited attention to the wider determinants of health that underpin ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes, and gave no indication of timeframes for delivery or methods of implementation.10 In addition, the recommendations did not address how ethnic minority populations could best protect themselves during the pandemic. This was a significant oversight because personal and community responsibilities are imperative social determinants to protecting the health and wellbeing of ethnic minority communities when national (and regional) lockdown is eased.

Subsequent to the PHE report there was an inevitable resurgence in COVID-19 cases over the summer months in areas with a high density of ethnic minorities such as Leicester,11 Blackburn, and Oldham. From mid-September, local COVID-19 restrictions were introduced across parts of the North West, North East, Midlands, and West Yorkshire. …

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British Journal of General Practice: 71 (702)
British Journal of General Practice
Vol. 71, Issue 702
January 2021
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Focused action is required to protect ethnic minority populations from COVID-19 post-lockdown
Kamlesh Khunti, Ash Routen, Kiran Patel, Sarah N Ali, Paramjit Gill, Amitava Banerjee, Amal Lad, Vinod Patel, Wasim Hanif
British Journal of General Practice 2021; 71 (702): 37-40. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp21X714581

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Focused action is required to protect ethnic minority populations from COVID-19 post-lockdown
Kamlesh Khunti, Ash Routen, Kiran Patel, Sarah N Ali, Paramjit Gill, Amitava Banerjee, Amal Lad, Vinod Patel, Wasim Hanif
British Journal of General Practice 2021; 71 (702): 37-40. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp21X714581
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  • Article
    • BACKGROUND
    • A CAUTIONARY TALE FROM LEICESTER
    • FOCUSED SHORT-TERM MEASURES
    • A BROADER LONG-TERM APPROACH IS ALSO REQUIRED
    • CONCLUDING REMARKS
    • Acknowledgments
    • Notes
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More in this TOC Section

  • The multimorbidity dead end: how we got here and possible ways out
  • Digital health in primary care: risks and recommendations
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Print ISSN: 0960-1643
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