Anti-androgen | 5-α reductase inhibitors (finasteride) |
Antihypertensive | Calcium channel blockers, spironolactone, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors |
Antiretroviral | Protease inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) |
Antifungal/-microbial | Ketoconazole, metronidazole, isoniazid |
Antipsychotic | Haloperidol, olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone, paliperidone, fluoxetine, gabapentin, pregabalin, venlafaxine, aripiprazole, diazepam, amisulpride, quetiapine |
Antiparasite | Phenothrin |
Analgesics | Opioids |
Cardiovascular | Digoxin, amiodarone, statins, clonidine, clopidogrel, sildenafil |
Chemotherapy drug | Methotrexate, alkylating agents, cisplatin, vincristine, bleomycin, dasatinib, imatinib |
Exogenous hormones | Oestrogens, steroids, androgens |
Gastrointestinal drug | Proton pump inhibitors, H2 histamine blockers, domperidone, misoprostol |
Illicit and recreational | Amphetamines, cannabis, heroin, methadone, alcohol |
Herbal supplements | Lavender, soy protein, tea tree oil, tribulus, common nettle |
Other | Theophylline, penicillamine, ivacaftor, gonadotrophin-releasing agents |