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Research

Attitudes of Trans Men and Non-binary People to UK Cervical Screening

Alison May Berner, Dean Connolly, Imogen Pinnell, Aedan Wolton, Adriana MacNaughton, Chloe Challen, Kate Zoe Nambiar, Jacob Bayliss, James Barrett and Christina Richards
British Journal of General Practice 21 January 2021; BJGP.2020.0905. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGP.2020.0905
Alison May Berner
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  • For correspondence: alisonmayberner@gmail.com
Dean Connolly
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Imogen Pinnell
5 Jo's Cervical Cancer Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Aedan Wolton
6 Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Adriana MacNaughton
5 Jo's Cervical Cancer Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Chloe Challen
7 Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kate Zoe Nambiar
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Jacob Bayliss
9 Brighton Switchboard, Brighton, United Kingdom
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James Barrett
1 Gender Identity Clinic, Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Christina Richards
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Abstract

Background: Transgender men and non-binary people assigned female at birth (TMNB) who have not had surgery to remove the cervix are recommended to undertake cervical screening with the same frequency as cisgender women but evidence suggests that TMNB have lower odds of lifetime and up-to-date cervical screening uptake. Aim: To understand the attitudes towards and preferences for cervical screening among UK-based TMNB. Design & Setting: Cross-sectional survey of TMNB at an NHS gender identity clinic (GIC) and an NHS sexual health service specialising in care of transgender people. Method: Recruitment was via email invitations to patients of the GIC and sexual health service. Inclusion criteria were: female sex assigned at birth, trans man, masculine, or non-binary gender identity, age ≥18 and UK resident. Quantitative results were analysed using descriptive statistics and free text comments were analysed thematically. Results: There were 137 participants, 79% identifying as transmasculine and 18% as non-binary. Sixty-five participants (46%) were eligible for cervical screening and 56.9% of those had ever been screened. Only 53.1% of those eligible felt they had sufficient information about cervical screening . Just over half (53%) stated they would like the option to self-swab for high-risk HPV. Only half of the participants were in favour of an automatic invitation for cervical screening . Thematic analysis identified a number of additional barriers and facilitators of screening. Conclusions: TMNB have identified numerous potential areas for change that may improve cervical screening uptake and patient experience.

  • Health promotion and prevention
  • Screening
  • Clinical (physical)
  • Cancer
  • Gynaecology
  • Sexual health
  • Patient groups
  • Inequalities
  • Received October 1, 2020.
  • Accepted January 8, 2021.
  • Copyright © 2020, The Authors

This article is Open Access: CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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Accepted Manuscript
Attitudes of Trans Men and Non-binary People to UK Cervical Screening
Alison May Berner, Dean Connolly, Imogen Pinnell, Aedan Wolton, Adriana MacNaughton, Chloe Challen, Kate Zoe Nambiar, Jacob Bayliss, James Barrett, Christina Richards
British Journal of General Practice 21 January 2021; BJGP.2020.0905. DOI: 10.3399/BJGP.2020.0905

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Accepted Manuscript
Attitudes of Trans Men and Non-binary People to UK Cervical Screening
Alison May Berner, Dean Connolly, Imogen Pinnell, Aedan Wolton, Adriana MacNaughton, Chloe Challen, Kate Zoe Nambiar, Jacob Bayliss, James Barrett, Christina Richards
British Journal of General Practice 21 January 2021; BJGP.2020.0905. DOI: 10.3399/BJGP.2020.0905
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Keywords

  • Health promotion and prevention
  • Screening
  • Clinical (physical)
  • Cancer
  • Gynaecology
  • Sexual health
  • Patient groups
  • Inequalities

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Print ISSN: 0960-1643
Online ISSN: 1478-5242