Participantsa | 9965 (100) | 2192 (22.0) | 7773 (78.0) |
|
Controls per case | | | |
4 | | 1599 (72.9) | |
3 | | 323 (14.7) | |
2 | | 138 (6.3) | |
1 | | 132 (6.0) | |
|
Age at diagnosis in years, mean (SD) | | | |
SMI | | 47.98 (17.40) | |
T2DM | 57.83 (12.97) | 56.81 (13.19) | 58.12 (12.89) |
|
SMI type | | | |
Schizophrenia | | 1161 (53.0) | |
Schizoaffective disorder | | 113 (5.2) | |
Bipolar disorder | | 701 (32.0) | |
Depression and psychosis | | 184 (8.4) | |
Other affective disorder | | 26 (1.2) | |
Mixed | | 7 (0.3) | |
|
Age at start of follow-up in years, mean (SD) | 58.63 (12.83) | 57.67 (13.11) | 58.90 (12.74) |
|
Duration of T2DM in years, mean (SD) | 0.82 (2.85) | 0.89 (3.02) | 0.80 (2.80) |
|
Length of follow-up in years, mean (SD) | 6.19 (4.43) | 6.02 (4.45) | 6.23 (4.43) |
|
Family history of diabetes | 1766 (17.7) | 324 (14.8) | 1442 (18.6) |
|
Sex | | | |
Male | 4758 (47.7) | 1051 (47.9) | 3707 (47.7) |
Female | 5207 (52.3) | 1141 (52.1) | 4066 (52.3) |
|
Ethnicity | | | |
White | 8095 (81.2) | 1826 (83.3) | 6269 (80.7) |
Asian | 638 (6.4) | 139 (6.3) | 499 (6.4) |
Black | 363 (3.6) | 106 (4.8) | 257 (3.3) |
Mixed, other and unknown | 869 (8.7) | 121 (5.5) | 748 (9.6) |
|
Deprivation quintile using IMD 2010 | | | |
1 (least deprivation) | 1490 (15.0) | 279 (12.7) | 1211 (15.6) |
2 | 1860 (18.7) | 358 (16.3) | 1502 (19.3) |
3 | 1984 (19.9) | 415 (18.9) | 1569 (20.2) |
4 | 2287 (23.0) | 542 (24.7) | 1745 (22.4) |
5 | 2334 (23.4) | 595 (27.1) | 1739 (22.4) |
Data missing | 10 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) |
|
Comorbidities | | | |
CVD | 1591 (16.0) | 285 (13.0) | 1306 (16.8) |
Hypertension | 4318 (43.3) | 734 (33.5) | 3584 (46.1) |
Dementia | 64 (0.6) | 32 (1.5) | 32 (0.4) |
Learning disability | 40 (0.4) | 19 (0.9) | 21 (0.3) |
CCI comorbidity, mean (SD) | 0.53 (0.78) | 0.49 (0.73) | 0.54 (0.79) |
|
Medication type | | | |
Antidepressants | 2585 (25.9) | 1062 (48.4) | 1523 (19.6) |
Antipsychotics | | | |
First generation | 524 (5.3) | 434 (19.8) | 90 (1.2) |
Second generation | 1009 (10.1) | 957 (43.7) | 52 (0.7) |
Antidiabetes | 2164 (21.7) | 521 (23.8) | 1643 (21.1) |
Antihypertensives | 5349 (53.7) | 1000 (45.6) | 4349 (56.0) |
Lipid-lowering | 3361 (33.7) | 684 (31.2) | 2677 (34.4) |
|
Smoking status | | | |
Non-smoker | 2775 (27.8) | 544 (24.8) | 2231 (28.7) |
Ex-smoker | 2049 (20.6) | 390 (17.8) | 1659 (21.3) |
Current smoker | 1873 (18.8) | 650 (29.7) | 1223 (15.7) |
Missing data | 3268 (32.8) | 608 (27.7) | 2660 (34.2) |
|
Biometric measures | | | | |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 32.66 (6.95) | 32.97 (6.99) | 32.56 (6.94) | |
<20 | 62 (0.6) | 12 (0.5) | 50 (0.6) | |
20–24 | 617 (6.2) | 145 (6.6) | 472 (6.1) | |
25–29 | 1752 (17.6) | 401 (18.3) | 1351 (17.4) | |
30–39 | 3004 (30.1) | 733 (33.4) | 2271 (29.2) | |
≥40 | 871 (8.7) | 221 (10.1) | 650 (8.4) | |
Missing data | 3659 (36.7) | 680 (31.0) | 2979 (38.3) | |
HbA1c, %, mean (SD) | 7.88 (1.95) | 7.82 (1.99) | 7.90 (1.95) | |
≤7.5b | 2998 (30.1) | 672 (30.7) | 2326 (29.9) | |
>7.5b | 2188 (22.0) | 460 (21.0) | 1728 (22.2) | |
Missing data | 4779 (48.0) | 1060 (48.4) | 3719 (47.8) | |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 5.30 (1.31) | 5.36 (1.42) | 5.28 (1.28) | |
≤5 | 3477 (34.9) | 722 (32.9) | 2755 (35.4) | |
>5 | 4105 (41.2) | 892 (40.7) | 3212 (41.3) | |
Missing data | 2383 (23.9) | 578 (26.4) | 1805 (23.2) | |
Systolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 139.17 (18.28) | 135.82 (18.16) | 140.13 (18.21) | |
≤140 | 5154 (51.7) | 1280 (58.4) | 3874 (49.8) | |
>140 | 3306 (33.2) | 605 (27.6) | 2701 (34.7) | |
Missing data | 1505 (15.1) | 307 (14.0) | 1198 (15.4) | |
Diastolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 81.87 (10.72) | 81.47 (10.72) | 81.99 (10.71) | |
≤80 | 4391 (44.1) | 1011 (46.1) | 3380 (43.5) | |
>80 | 4069 (40.8) | 874 (39.9) | 3195 (41.1) | |
Missing data | 1505 (15.1) | 307 (14.0) | 1198 (15.4) | |