RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Understanding quality improvement at scale in general practice: a qualitative evaluation of a COPD improvement programme JF British Journal of General Practice JO Br J Gen Pract FD British Journal of General Practice SP e745 OP e751 DO 10.3399/bjgp14X682801 VO 64 IS 629 A1 Martin Marshall A1 James Mountford A1 Kirsten Gamet A1 Gulsen Gungor A1 Conor Burke A1 Robyn Hudson A1 Steve Morris A1 Nishma Patel A1 Phil Koczan A1 Rob Meaker A1 Cyril Chantler A1 Christopher Michael Roberts YR 2014 UL http://bjgp.org/content/64/629/e745.abstract AB Background A growing body of knowledge exists to guide efforts to improve the organisation and delivery of health care, most of which is based on work carried out in hospitals. It is uncertain how transferable this knowledge is to primary care.Aim To understand the enablers and constraints to implementing a large-scale quality improvement programme in general practice, designed to improve care for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Design and setting A qualitative study of 189 general practices in a socioeconomically and ethnically-mixed, urban area in east London, UK.Method Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with people leading the programme and 17 in-depth interviews with those participating in it. Participants were local health system leaders, clinicians, and managers. A theoretical framework derived from evidence-based guidance for improvement programmes was used to interpret the findings. A complex improvement intervention took place with social and technical elements including training and mentorship, guidance, analytical tools, and data feedback.Results Practice staff wanted to participate in and learn from well-designed collaborative improvement projects. Nevertheless, there were limitations in the capacities and capabilities of the workforce to undertake systematic improvement, significant problems with access to and the quality of data, and tensions between the narrative-based generalist orientation of many primary care clinicians and the quantitative single-disease orientation that has characterised much of the quality improvement movement to date.Conclusion Improvement guidance derived largely from hospital-based studies is, for the most part, applicable to improvement efforts in primary care settings, although large-scale change in general practice presents some particular challenges. These need to be better understood and addressed if improvement initiatives are to be effective.