Baseline variables | Distressa at baseline and follow up | Distress at baseline improvement at follow up | No distress at baseline deterioration at follow up | No distress at baseline and follow up |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total, n (%) | 54 (18.6) | 26 (8.9) | 31 (10.7) | 180 (61.9) |
Sociodemographic parameters | ||||
Age, mean (SD) | 71.7 (10.4) | 76.5 (8.6) | 71.6 (10.5) | 72.3 (8.5) |
Female, n (%) | 33 (61.1) | 17 (65.4) | 16 (51.6) | 90 (50.0) |
Social context | ||||
Living with a partner, n (%) | 29 (53.7) | 14 (53.8) | 18 (58.1) | 135 (75.0) |
Number of persons per household; mean (SD) | 1.6 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.7) | 1.9 (1.0) | 1.9 (0.9) |
Actual employment, n (%) | ||||
Retired | 41 (75.9) | 23 (88.5) | 23 (74.2) | 151 (83.9) |
Employment | 9 (16.7) | 1 (3.8) | 6 (19.4) | 21 (11.7) |
Severity of heart failure, mean (SD) | ||||
NYHA self-rating | 2.0 (0.7) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.5) |
Goldman's SAS | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.0 (0.9) | 1.7 (0.9) | 1.7 (0.9) |
Quality of life (MLHFQ), mean (SD) | ||||
Physical problems | 23.9 (8.5) | 19.8 (9.0) | 15.7 (9.9) | 10.8 (9.0) |
Emotional problems | 9.0 (6.4) | 7.4 (5.3) | 4.7 (4.1) | 2.1 (2.6) |
Social support (F-SozU), mean (SD) | 3.5 (0.9) | 4.0 (0.7) | 3.9 (0.6) | 4.2 (0.7) |
Coping style (FKV), mean (SD) | ||||
Depressive coping | 13.4 (3.8) | 12.2 (3.7) | 10.3 (3.3) | 8.3 (3.1) |
Active problem-focused coping | 13.5 (4.0) | 14.2 (5.4) | 15.1 (4.6) | 13.9 (4.6) |
Distraction and self-encouragement | 14.1 (3.3) | 14.2 (5.2) | 14.8 (4.9) | 14.3 (4.4) |
Religious faith/search for meaning | 15.2 (3.9) | 15.8 (4.2) | 14.0 (3.5) | 13.6 (4.2) |
Minimisation and wishful thinking | 8.4 (2.6) | 7.5 (2.9) | 7.0 (2.9) | 6.1 (2.6) |
↵a Distress = anxiety and/or depression according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. NYHA = New York Heart Association. Goldman's SAS = Specific Activity Scale. MLHFQ = Minnesota Living with Heart failure Questionnaire. F-SozU = social support questionnaire. FKV = Freiburg questionnaire for coping with illness.