Table 2

Policy labels and classification

PolicyGroupInnovative/conservative
Selecting students of medicine by taking into account their social and communication skills, as well as their knowledge of the exact sciencesTrainingConservative
Developing a clinical activity linked with the academic centres of general practiceTrainingConservative
Better integrating general practice courses and specialty coursesTrainingConservative
Organising compulsory clerkship in general practice for all medical studentsTrainingInnovative
Increasing the consultation fees of general practiceFinancingConservative
Paying GPs with a combination of capitation per patient and fee for serviceFinancingConservative
Paying GPs with a combination of wage and fee for serviceFinancingInnovative
Rewarding GPs with target payment for the realisation of objectivesFinancingInnovative
Moving towards a more equitable geographical distribution, by improving the incentives to practice in low medical-density areas (LDAs)FinancingConservative
Allowing an evolving career, combining ambulatory curative medicine and other activities (for example, research, teaching, training)Work–life balanceInnovative
Not penalising the work of GPs working part timeWork–life balanceInnovative
Organising local groups of professional GPs responsible for on-call duty (locum relief)Work–life balanceInnovative
Paying GPs for their continuous training activitiesWork–life balanceInnovative
Removing the individual on-call duty and replacing it with a professional service, such as ‘SOS médecins'Work–life balanceInnovative
Removing the legal quota on the number of medical students to be trainedGovernanceInnovative
Supporting the creation of local resource agencies promoting the attraction and retention of GPs according to local needsGovernanceInnovative
Creating a master degree in advanced nursing practice, to back up GPsGovernanceInnovative
Financially discouraging excessive or premature recourse to second-line services (soft gatekeeping)GovernanceInnovative
Encouraging the delegation of some clinical tasks to other existing health professions (for example, nurses)Practice organisationInnovative
Encouraging the delegation of administrative work to administrative staffPractice organisationConservative
Encouraging GPs to share a common infrastructure or a common secretariatPractice organisationConservative
Encouraging GPs to work together (group practice)Practice organisationConservative
Reinforcing the role of GPs in the multidisciplinary teamPractice organisationConservative