Baseline characteristics and changes in biomedical variables after 1 year in both treatment groups.
| Routine care (n = 243) | Intensive treatment (n = 255) | P-valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 1 year | Baseline | 1 year | ||
| Demographic variables | |||||
| Sex, % male | 56.0 | 51.8 | |||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 59.9 (5.1) | 60.1 (5.4) | |||
| Ethnicity, % white | 98.7 | 98.0 | |||
| Behavioural variables | |||||
| Current smoking, % | 21.4 | 26.3 | |||
| Ever smoked, % | 68.0 | 66.1 | |||
| Drinking alcohol, % | 78.1 | 78.4 | |||
| Weekly >5 pieces of fruit, % | 61.7 | 57.6 | |||
| Exercise (days per week >30 min), mean (SD) | 3.8 (2.5) | 4.0 (2.3) | |||
| Clinical variables, mean (SD) | |||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 30.4 (4.6) | 30.6 (4.8) | 31.2 (5.1) | 29.8 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 163 (23) | 144 (17) | 166 (23) | 133 (17) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 89 (10) | 82 (8) | 90 (11) | 78 (9) | <0.001 |
| Biochemical variables, mean (SD) | |||||
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/l | 8.1 (2.8) | 7.2 (1.7) | 7.8 (2.3) | 6.5 (1.1) | 0.02 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.4 (1.7) | 6.5 (0.9) | 7.3 (1.6) | 6.2 (0.6) | 0.03 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.6 (1.1) | 5.1 (1.0) | 5.6 (1.1) | 4.4 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.9) | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.3) | 0.26 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.7 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.0) | 2.7 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | 2.0 (1.6) | 1.7 (1.7) | 1.9 (1.0) | 1.5 (0.8) | 0.71 |
| Practices, % | |||||
| Single-handed | 50.0 | 43.2 | |||
| Urban location | 52.4 | 29.7 | |||
| Specific diabetes clinic | 63.4 | 62.2 | |||
| >10% patients from ethnic minority groups | 7.1 | 8.1 | |||
↵a Comparison of changes in variables between treatment groups adjusted for age, sex, baseline value, and clustering at practice level. HbA1c = Haemoglobin A1c. HDL = high-density lipoprotein. LDL = low-density lipoprotein.