Ethnicity | |||
---|---|---|---|
Intervention | White (n = 4351) | South Asian (n = 813) | Black (n = 295) |
Drug prescribed, OR (95% CI)a | |||
SABA | 1.0b | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9) |
SAMA | 1.0b | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9) |
LABA | 1.0b | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0) |
LAMA | 1.0 | 0.8 (0.6 to 0.9) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9) |
ICs | 1.0 | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) |
ICs/LABA | 1.0 | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) |
Theophylline | 1.0 | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.3) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.7) |
Non-pharmacological intervention, OR (95% CI)a | |||
Influenza vaccination | 1.0b | 3.0 (2.1 to 4.3) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.1) |
Pneumococcal vaccination | 1.0b | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.3) | 0.82 (0.6 to 1.1) |
Pulmonary rehabilitation | 1.0b | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.9) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0) |
↵a Adjusted by age, sex, Townsend score, PCT, FEV1%, and asthma, and clustered by general practice.
↵b Reference group. IC = inhaled corticosteroid. LABA = long-acting beta-agonist. LAMA = long-acting muscarinic-agonist. OR = odds ratio. SABA = short-acting beta-agonist. SAMA = short-acting muscarinic-agonist.