Adjusted ORs for the effect of clinical variables on the risk of previous fall incidents and high fall risk
| Previous fall incidents as the dependent variable, OR (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
| OH | 0.94 (0.61 to 1.46) | – | 0.90 (0.58 to 1.40) | – |
| Orthostatic complaints | – | 1.63 (0.99 to 2.68) | 1.65 (1.00 to 2.72) | – |
| Symptomatic OH | – | – | – | 1.99 (0.93 to 4.23) |
| Age | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.07) | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.07) | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.07) | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.07) |
| Sex: male versus female | 0.50 (0.34 to 0.75) | 0.53 (0.36 to 0.79) | 0.53 (0.36 to 0.78) | 0.53 (0.36 to 0.78) |
| BMI | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.03) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.03) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.03) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.03) |
| Diabetes: diabetes versus control | 1.08 (0.72 to 1.62) | 1.02 (0.68 to 1.54) | 1.03 (0.68 to 1.55) | 1.06 (0.71 to 1.59) |
| Macrovascular complications | 1.06 (0.68 to 1.64) | 0.99 (0.64 to 1.54) | 1.00 (0.64 to 1.56) | 0.99 (0.64 to 1.54) |
| Antihypertensive medication | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.25) | 1.07 (0.91 to 1.25) | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.25) | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.25) |
| High fall risk as the dependent variable, OR (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| OH | 0.80 (0.38 to 1.65) | – | 0.61 (0.28 to 1.34) | – |
| Orthostatic complaints | – | 7.77 (3.98 to 15.17) | 8.21 (4.17 to 16.19) | – |
| Symptomatic OH | – | – | – | 2.87 (1.09 to 7.55) |
| Age | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.14) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.16) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.16) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.14) |
| Sex, male versus female | 0.47 (0.24 to 0.92) | 0.61 (0.30 to 1.23) | 0.59 (0.29 to 1.20) | 0.53 (0.27 to 1.04) |
| Diabetes: diabetes versus control | 1.75 (0.83 to 3.68) | 1.38 (0.64 to 2.98) | 1.39 (0.65 to 3.01) | 1.69 (0.80 to 3.56) |
| Macrovascular complications | 1.61 (0.82 to 3.17) | 1.16 (0.57 to 2.39) | 1.24 (0.60 to 2.57) | 1.39 (0.70 to 2.77) |
| Antihypertensive medication | 1.20 (0.94 to 1.54) | 1.21 (0.94 to 1.57) | 1.21 (0.94 to 1.57) | 1.21 (0.94 to 1.55) |
Model 1 was adjusted for OH, model 2 for orthostatic complaints, model 3 for OH and orthostatic complaints, and model 4 for symptomatic orthostatic hypotension. All models were additionally adjusted for the following possible predictors of fall incidents: age, sex, BMI, type 2 diabetes, previous macrovascular complications, and the number of antihypertensive medications used. BMI was not included in the models with high fall risk as the dependent variable, since body weight is used in the risk profile by which high fall risk was defined. The ORs can be interpreted as a measure of the association of the various variables to either previous fall incidents or high fall risk (the dependent variables). BMI = body mass index. OH = orthostatic hypotension. OR = odds ratio.