Prescription-level multivariable models of risks associated with prescribing or monitoring errors: unadjusted and adjusted for patient clustering
| Factor | Multivariable unadjusted model (model 5)a | Multivariable adjusted model (model 6)b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | P-value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Medication on monitoring list | 3.18 | 2.05 to 4.94 | <0.001 | 3.63 | 2.65 to 4.98 | <0.001 |
| Repeat prescriptionc | 1.25 | 0.91 to 1.72 | 0.168 | 0.98 | 0.73 to 1.31 | 0.903 |
| Formulationd | ||||||
| Eye/ear drops | 1.43 | 0.39 to 5.23 | 0.586 | |||
| Inhalers | 0.51 | 0.21 to 1.27 | 0.149 | |||
| Injections | 0.41 | 0.06 to 3.07 | 0.387 | |||
| Liquid oral | 1.08 | 0.60 to 1.95 | 0.794 | |||
| Rectal | 1.93 | 0.24 to 15.42 | 0.535 | |||
| Topical | 0.66 | 0.31 to 1.42 | 0.287 | |||
| Prescriber typee | ||||||
| Salaried GP | 0.71 | 0.46 to 1.11 | 0.13 | 0.76 | 0.47 to 1.22 | 0.258 |
| Locum GP | 1.16 | 0.60 to 2.28 | 0.655 | 1.23 | 0.60 to 2.54 | 0.576 |
| Training GP | 1.42 | 0.67 to 3.01 | 0.353 | 1.66 | 0.74 to 3.72 | 0.218 |
| Non-medical prescriber | 1.55 | 0.47 to 5.13 | 0.469 | 1.09 | 0.30 to 3.91 | 0.898 |
| Other/unknown | 1.78 | 0.52 to 6.14 | 0.358 | 1.97 | 0.54 to 7.23 | 0.305 |
| British National Formulary chapterf | ||||||
| Cardiovascular system | 2.37 | 1.03 to 5.45 | 0.042 | |||
| Respiratory system | 2.26 | 0.83 to 6.17 | 0.11 | |||
| CNS | 2.09 | 0.95 to 4.63 | 0.068 | |||
| Infections | 2.67 | 1.17 to 6.11 | 0.02 | |||
| Endocrine | 1.91 | 0.78 to 4.72 | 0.159 | |||
| Obstetrics, gynaecology, urinary tract disorders | 1.41 | 0.41 to 4.80 | 0.584 | |||
| Malignant disease and immunosuppression | 6.77 | 1.71 to 2 6.84 | 0.006 | |||
| Nutrition and blood | 1.22 | 0.36 to 4.15 | 0.752 | |||
| Musculoskeletal | 6.97 | 3.06 to 15.88 | <0.001 | |||
| Eye | 4.92 | 1.12 to 21.62 | 0.035 | |||
| Ear nose and oropharynx | 4.60 | 1.29 to 16.42 | 0.019 | |||
| Skin | 5.78 | 2.04 to 16.36 | 0.001 | |||
| Immunology and vaccines | 5.91 | 0.60 to 58.00 | 0.127 | |||
| Computer systemg | ||||||
| EMIS PCS | 1.06 | 0.79 to 1.42 | 0.706 | 1.13 | 0.80 to 1.60 | 0.501 |
| Isoft Premiere | 0.68 | 0.46 to 1.01 | 0.055 | 0.64 | 0.40 to 1.01 | 0.058 |
| TPP | 1.05 | 0.71 to 1.56 | 0.803 | 0.94 | 0.58 to 1.52 | 0.81 |
CNS = central nervous system.
↵a Model unadjusted for clustering by patient.
↵b Model adjusted for clustering by patient but formulation and chapter not included in the model due to non-convergence of model.
↵c Acute prescriptions.
↵d Solid oral medication (pessaries category omitted).
↵e GP partner.
↵f Gastrointestinal (anaesthesia chapter omitted).
↵g EMIS LV.