Measure (n) Cut-off | Sensitivity % | Specificity % | PPV % | NPV % | LR+ | LR− | Area under curve (95% CI) Scale developers’ categorisation of significance/ severity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BDI-IA (274) | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.93) | ||||||
≥10 | 98.3 | 39.7 | 31.7 | 98.8 | 1.63 | 0.04 | Mild–moderate depression |
≥16 | 86.7 | 69.6 | 44.9 | 94.8 | 2.85 | 0.19 | |
≥17 | 83.3 | 72.9 | 46.7 | 93.9 | 3.07 | 0.23 | |
≥18 | 80.0 | 76.6 | 49.4 | 93.1 | 3.42 | 0.26 | |
≥19 | 78.3 | 79.9 | 52.6 | 92.8 | 3.90 | 0.27 | Moderate–severe depression |
≥20* | 78.3 | 84.5 | 59.0 | 93.2 | 5.08 | 0.26 | |
≥21 | 76.7 | 86.9 | 62.6 | 92.9 | 5.86 | 0.27 | |
≥30 | 46.7 | 97.2 | 82.6 | 86.5 | 16.65 | 0.55 | Severe depression |
HADS-D (275) | 0.86 (0.81 to 0.91) | ||||||
≥8 | 85.2 | 68.2 | 43.3 | 94.2 | 2.68 | 0.22 | Borderline depression |
≥9* | 82.0 | 75.2 | 48.5 | 93.6 | 3.31 | 0.24 | |
≥10 | 72.1 | 83.2 | 55.0 | 91.3 | 4.29 | 0.34 | |
≥11 | 63.9 | 86.4 | 57.3 | 89.3 | 4.72 | 0.42 | Probable clinical depression |
≥13 | 50.8 | 93.5 | 69.0 | 86.9 | 7.77 | 0.53 | |
≥14 | 36.1 | 96.7 | 75.7 | 84.1 | 11.0 | 0.66 | |
PHQ-9 (273) | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.94) | ||||||
≥5 | 98.4 | 43.4 | 33.1 | 99.0 | 1.74 | 0.04 | Mild depression |
≥8 | 91.8 | 65.1 | 42.9 | 96.5 | 2.63 | 0.13 | |
≥9 | 88.5 | 72.2 | 47.6 | 95.7 | 3.18 | 0.16 | |
≥10 | 85.2 | 76.9 | 51.2 | 94.8 | 3.69 | 0.19 | Moderate depression |
≥11* | 83.6 | 83.0 | 58.4 | 94.7 | 4.92 | 0.20 | |
≥13 | 77.0 | 87.3 | 63.4 | 93.0 | 6.05 | 0.26 | |
≥14 | 70.5 | 91.5 | 70.3 | 91.6 | 8.30 | 0.32 | |
≥15 | 62.3 | 92.0 | 69.0 | 89.5 | 7.77 | 0.41 | Moderately severe depression |
≥18 | 50.8 | 96.7 | 81.5 | 87.3 | 15.4 | 0.51 | |
≥19 | 37.7 | 97.2 | 79.3 | 84.5 | 13.3 | 0.64 | |
≥20 | 34.4 | 98.1 | 83.8 | 84.0 | 18.2 | 0.67 | Severe depression |
PHQ-2 (273) | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.91) | ||||||
≥2 | 96.7 | 50.9 | 36.0 | 98.0 | 1.97 | 0.06 | |
≥3* | 72.1 | 82.1 | 53.5 | 91.2 | 4.02 | 0.34 | |
≥4 | 62.3 | 91.5 | 67.7 | 89.5 | 7.34 | 0.41 | |
≥5 | 42.6 | 95.3 | 72.1 | 85.3 | 9.04 | 0.60 | |
‘4-item PHQ’ (273) | 0.91 (0.87 to 0.95) | ||||||
≥3 | 93.4 | 67.9 | 45.4 | 97.3 | 2.91 | 0.10 | |
≥4 | 83.6 | 80.7 | 55.3 | 94.5 | 4.32 | 0.20 | |
≥5* | 77.0 | 87.7 | 64.1 | 93.0 | 6.3 | 0.26 | |
≥7 | 59.0 | 95.8 | 80.0 | 89.1 | 13.9 | 0.43 |
↵* Optimal cut-off point for defining a DSM-IV diagnosis of depressive disorder based on highest Youden index (sensitivity + specificity −1).