Key risk factor | | | |
Smoking statusa | 5.00 | 1.13 | Y |
Occupational exposurea | 4.54 | 4.50 | Y |
Agea | 4.33 | 3.31 | Y |
Second attendance with the same symptoma | 4.25 | 8.25 | Y |
History of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasea | 4.13 | 6.81 | Y |
Second-hand smoke exposurea | 4.04 | 7.00 | Y |
Socioeconomic status | 3.71 | 7.19 | Nb |
Family history (first-degree relative)a | 3.58 | 9.56 | Y |
Last consultation with a GP >6 months ago | 3.46 | 12.88b | |
History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | 3.42 | 12.75b | |
History of tuberculosis | 3.33 | 13.81b | |
Sex | 3.25 | 11.19b | |
Alcohol intake | 3.17 | 11.75b | |
Ethnicityb | 2.79b | | |
Last consultation with a GP >5 years agoc | | 10.38 | Nb |
Patient thinks they may have lung cancera,c | | 11.13 | Y |
Patient attends with an adult family memberc | | 15.75b | |
Localisation of painc | | 12.63b | |
Reduced exercise tolerancea,c | | | Y |
|
Symptom | | | |
Haemoptysisa | 4.96 | 1.25 | Y |
Unintentional loss of weight reported by patienta | 4.79 | 4.44 | Y |
Symptom durationa,d | 4.25 | 6.19 | Y |
Cougha | 4.17 | 3.00 | Y |
Hoarsenessa | 4.13 | 6.06 | Y |
Dyspnoeaa | 4.00 | 4.38 | Y |
Chest paina | 3.79 | 6.69 | Y |
Bone pain | 3.92 | 9.88b | |
Loss of appetite | 3.88 | 7.88b | |
Back pain | 3.88 | 10.56b | |
Fatigue | 3.88 | 8.81b | |
Shoulder pain | 3.75 | 8.88b | |
|
Sign | | | |
Cachexiaa | 4.71 | 3.94 | Y |
Pleural massa | 4.67 | | |
Pleural effusiona | 4.67 | 3.69 | Y |
Superior vena cava obstructiona | 4.58 | 3.31 | Y |
Objective weight lossa | 4.54 | 4.5 | Y |
Lymphadenopathya | 4.25 | 5.94 | Y |
Stridora | 4.21 | 6.00 | Y |
Finger clubbing | 4.00 | 7.31b | |
Horner's syndromea,c | | 6.50 | Y |
|
Test | | | |
Abnormal chest X-raya | 4.79 | 1.06 | Y |
Abnormal sputum cytology | 4.13 | 3.75 | Nb |
Anaemia | 3.71 | 3.69 | Nb |
Raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate | 3.75 | 4.63b | |
Raised C-reactive protein | 3.5 | 5.56b | |
Abnormal spirometry | 3.33 | 6.06b | |
Thrombocytosis | 3.25 | 7.31b | |
Hypercalcaemiac | | 6.81b | |
Disturbed liver function testsc | | 6.13b | |