Prevalence of abnormalities on MRI in patients with and without persistent symptoms
| Total (n = 195) | Persistent symptoms (n = 94) | No symptoms (n = 101) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | P-valuea | ||
| Talocrural joint | ||||||||
| Fracture: | • Present | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0.46 | |||
| Bone oedema: | • Subchondral | 17 | 8.7 | 8 | 8.5 | 9 | 8.9 | 0.25 |
| • <25% | 33 | 16.9 | 11 | 11.7 | 22 | 21.8 | ||
| • >25 | 16 | 8.2 | 6 | 6.4 | 10 | 9.9 | ||
| Osteochondral lesion: | • Present | 11 | 5.6 | 6 | 6.4 | 5 | 5.0 | 0.61 |
| Osteophyte: | • Slightly | 57 | 29.2 | 24 | 25.5 | 33 | 32.7 | 0.37 |
| • Evident | 20 | 10.3 | 11 | 11.7 | 9 | 8.9 | ||
| Subchondral cyst: | • Present | 4 | 2.1 | 3 | 3.2 | 1 | 1.0 | 0.16 |
| Cartilage loss: | • Present | 20 | 0.3 | 8 | 8.5 | 12 | 11.9 | 0.60 |
| Sclerosis: | • Present | 4 | 2.1 | 1 | 1.1 | 3 | 3.0 | 0.48 |
| Kellgren and Lawrence score: | • Normal | 114 | 58.5 | 56 | 59.6 | 58 | 57.4 | 0.16 |
| • Grade 1 | 62 | 31.8 | 25 | 26.6 | 37 | 36.6 | ||
| • ≥ Grade 2 | 19 | 9.7 | 13 | 13.8 | 6 | 5.9 | ||
| Subtalar joint | ||||||||
| Fracture: | • Present | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.15 |
| Bone oedema: | • Subchondral | 11 | 5.6 | 6 | 6.4 | 5 | 5.0 | 0.83 |
| • <25% | 39 | 20.0 | 18 | 19.1 | 21 | 20.8 | ||
| • >25 | 9 | 4.6 | 3 | 3.2 | 6 | 5.9 | ||
| Osteochondral lesion: | • Present | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 1.00 |
| Osteophyte: | • Slightly | 12 | 6.2 | 3 | 3.2 | 9 | 8.9 | 0.18 |
| • Evident | 5 | 2.6 | 1 | 1.1 | 4 | 4.0 | ||
| Subchondral cyst: | • Present | 5 | 2.6 | 3 | 3.2 | 2 | 2.0 | 0.29 |
| Cartilage loss: | • Present | 5 | 2.6 | 1 | 1.1 | 4 | 4.0 | 0.35 |
| Sclerosis: | • Present | 15 | 7.7 | 3 | 3.2 | 12 | 11.9 | 0.05 |
| Kellgren and Lawrence score: | • Normal | 178 | 91.3 | 90 | 95.7 | 88 | 87.1 | 0.67 |
| • Grade 1 | 17 | 8.7 | 4 | 4.3 | 13 | 12.9 | ||
| Talonavicular joint | ||||||||
| Fracture: | • Present | 2 | 1.0 | 2 | 2.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 1.00 |
| Bone oedema: | • Subchondral | 3 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.1 | 1 | 1.0 | 0.76 |
| • <25% | 15 | 7.7 | 8 | 8.5 | 7 | 6.9 | ||
| • >25 | 8 | 4.1 | 5 | 5.3 | 3 | 3.0 | ||
| Osteochondral lesion: | • Present | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.15 |
| Osteophyte: | • Slightly | 84 | 43.1 | 36 | 38.3 | 48 | 47.5 | 0.59 |
| • Evident | 22 | 11.3 | 10 | 10.6 | 12 | 11.9 | ||
| Subchondral cyst: | • Present | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.0 | 1.00 |
| Cartilage loss: | • Present | 39 | 20.0 | 17 | 18.1 | 22 | 21.8 | 0.59 |
| Sclerosis: | • Present | 92 | 47.2 | 42 | 44.7 | 50 | 49.5 | 0.39 |
| Kellgren and Lawrence score: | • Normal | 87 | 44.6 | 48 | 51.1 | 39 | 38.6 | 0.45 |
| • Grade 1 | 80 | 41.0 | 34 | 36.2 | 46 | 45.5 | ||
| • ≥ Grade 2 | 28 | 14.4 | 12 | 12.8 | 16 | 15.8 | ||
| Calcification | ||||||||
| Medial malleolus: | • Present | 12 | 6.2 | 5 | 5.3 | 7 | 6.9 | 0.77 |
| Lateral malleolus: | • Present | 21 | 10.8 | 7 | 7.4 | 14 | 13.9 | 0.33 |
| Talus: | • Present | 9 | 4.6 | 2 | 2.1 | 7 | 6.9 | 0.14 |
| Os naviculare: | • Present | 19 | 9.7 | 8 | 8.5 | 11 | 10.9 | 0.61 |
| Other | ||||||||
| Hydrops: | • Present | 68 | 34.9 | 33 | 35.1 | 35 | 34.7 | 0.99 |
| Anterolateral impingement: | • Present | 22 | 11.3 | 10 | 10.6 | 12 | 11.9 | 0.73 |
| • Missing | 2 | 1.0 | 1 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.0 | ||
| Synovitis: | • Present | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.0 | 1.00 |
| Corpus liberum: | • Present | 2 | 1.0 | 1 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.0 | 0.83 |
| Soft tissue swelling: | • Present | 20 | 10.3 | 8 | 8.5 | 12 | 11.9 | 0.57 |
| • Missing | 5 | 2.6 | 3 | 3.2 | 2 | 2.0 | ||
| Tendons of muscles | ||||||||
| Peroneus longusb: | • Affected | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.0 | 1.00 |
| Peroneus brevisb: | • Affected | 2 | 1.0 | 1 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.0 | 1.00 |
| Ligaments | ||||||||
| Anterior tibiofibular:c | • Normal | 170 | 87.2 | 83 | 88.3 | 87 | 86.1 | 0.97 |
| • Thickened | 20 | 10.3 | 9 | 9.6 | 11 | 10.9 | ||
| • Partial tear | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.0 | ||
| • Total tear | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.1 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| • Oedema | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Posterior tibiofibular:c | • Normal | 187 | 95.9 | 89 | 94.7 | 98 | 97.0 | 0.80 |
| • Thickened | 4 | 2.1 | 3 | 3.2 | 1 | 1.0 | ||
| • Partial tear | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| • Total tear | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.1 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| • Oedema | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Anterior talofibular:d | • Normal | 85 | 43.6 | 43 | 45.7 | 42 | 41.6 | 0.44 |
| • Thickened | 77 | 39.5 | 37 | 39.4 | 40 | 39.6 | ||
| • Partial tear | 22 | 11.3 | 11 | 11.7 | 11 | 10.9 | ||
| • Total tear | 10 | 5.1 | 3 | 3.2 | 7 | 6.9 | ||
| • Oedema | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Posterior talofibular:d | • Normal | 193 | 99.0 | 94 | 100.0 | 99 | 98.0 | 1.00 |
| • Thickened | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.0 | ||
| • Partial tear | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| • Total tear | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| • Oedema | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Calcaneofibular:d | • Normal | 121 | 62.1 | 59 | 62.8 | 62 | 61.4 | 0.97 |
| • Thickened | 72 | 36.9 | 35 | 37.2 | 37 | 36.6 | ||
| • Partial tear | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.0 | ||
| • Total tear | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| • Oedema | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Deltoid:d | • Normal | 173 | 88.7 | 85 | 90.4 | 88 | 87.1 | 0.94 |
| • Thickened | 19 | 9.7 | 8 | 8.5 | 11 | 10.9 | ||
| • Partial tear | 2 | 1.0 | 1 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.0 | ||
| • Total tear | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| • Oedema | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Plantar calcaneonavicular (Spring): | • Normal | 195 | 100.0 | 94 | 100.0 | 101 | 100.0 | na |
| • Thickened | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| • Partial tear | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| • Total tear | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| • Oedema | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
↵a Analyses adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. na = not applicable.
↵b Missing data: Total/ Persistent symptoms/ Without persistent symptoms = 2 (1.0%)/0 (0.0%)/2 (2.0%).
↵c Missing data: Total/ Persistent symptoms/ Without persistent symptoms = 3 (1.5%)/1 (1.1%)/2 (2.0%).
↵d Missing data: Total/ Persistent symptoms/ Without persistent symptoms = 1 (0.5%)/0 (0.0%)/1 (1.0%).