Methodological details of individual randomised controlled trials included (outcome data shown in Figure 3).
| Study | Chronic pain population | Total N | Control group | Yates Quality Score (range 0–35) | Minimum to define completion | Drop-out from programme, % | No follow-up data, % | Powered to detect effect | ITT | Statistically significant results, n /outcomes measured, N | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic | Clinical | Humanistic | |||||||||||
| Astin 200324 | Fibromyalgia | 128 | Education | 16 | Not stated | 18.8 (I) | 50 (I) 32.8 (C) | No 49 (C) | No | 0/7 | 0/4 | 0/2 | |
| Brown 201325 | Chronic musculoskeletal pain | 40 | Standard care | 20 | Not stated | <3 sessions: 15 (I) | 20 (I) 25 (C) | No | No | N/A | 0/3 | 4/5 | |
| Esmer 201026 | Failed back surgery syndrome | 40 | Waiting list | 16 | Not stated | Lost before 12 wks: 21 (I), 24 (C) | 21 (I) 52 (C) | No | No | 1/1 | 2/2 | 1/2 | |
| Morone 200927 | Mixed aetiology | 40 | Education | 28 | 4 sessions | 20 (I) | 20 (I) 5 (C) | No 5 (C) | No | N/A | 0/3 | 1/9 | |
| Morone 200828 | Mixed aetiology | 37 | Waiting list | 26 | Not stated | 32 (I) | 37 (I) 6 (C) | No 6 (C) | Yes | N/A | (C1) | 0/3 | 0/6 |
| Plews-Ogan200518 | Chronic musculoskeletal pain | 30 | 2 control groups: Massage (C1) Standard care (C2) | 10 | Not stated | 50 (I) 10 (C1) | 40 (I) 10 (C1) 20 (C2) | No | No | N/A | 0/2 | 0/2 | |
| Pradhan 200729 | Rheumatoid arthritis | 63 | Waiting list | 25 | Not stated | Not stated | 10–19 (I) 0–12.5 (C) | No | No | N/A | 0/3 | 0/2 | |
| Schmidt 201119 | Fibromyalgia | 177 | 2 control groups: Education, relaxation and stretching (C1) Waiting list (C2) | 29 | 4 sessions | <2 sessions 9 (I) 5 (C1) | 14 (I) 8 (C1) 12 (C2) | Yes | Yes | N/A | 2/7 | 1/3 | |
| Weissbecker 200223 and Sephton 200722 | Fibromyalgia | 91 | Waiting list | 21 | 4 sessions | <4 sessions 18 (I) | 27 (SOC) (I) 20 (I) 38 (SOC) (C) 33 (C) | Yes | No (SOC) Yes | N/A | 2/3 | 0/1 | |
| Wong 201130 | Mixed aetiology | 99 | Multidisciplinary pain intervention (mainly educational) | 31 | >4 sessions | <5 sessions 20 (I) 12 (C) | 14 (I) 6 (C) | Yes | Yes | 0/1 | 0/11 | 0/2 | |
| Zautra 200817 | Rheumatoid arthritis | 144 | 2 control groups: CBT for pain (C1) Education (C2) | 27 | Not stated | 2 (I) 4 (C1) 0 (C2) | 8 (I) 4 (C1) 2 (C2) | Yes | No | N/A | 1/7 | 2/3 | |
Bold text = significant. C = control. CBT = cognitive behavioural therapy. ITT = intention to treat. I = invervention. N/A = not applicable. SOC = sense of coherence