Table 3.

Literacy competency univariable and multivariable analyses

Category	Unadjusted odds ratio	95% CI	P-value	Adjusted odds ratio	95% CI	P-value
Sex
Female (ref)
Male	1.20	1.08 to 1.33	<0.001	1.25	1.09 to 1.43	0.001

Age, years
16–44 (ref)
45–65	1.26	1.14 to 1.40	<0.001	1.44	1.25 to 1.67	<0.001

Ethnicity
White (ref)
Black minority ethnic	2.23	1.92 to 2.60	<0.001	1.43	1.09 to 1.87	0.008

Nativity
Born in UK (ref)
Not born in UK	2.18	1.88 to 2.53	<0.001	1.07	0.75 to 1.51	0.719

First language
English (ref)
Other than English	3.34	2.78 to 4.00	<0.001	2.03	1.39 to 2.97	<0.001

Qualification level
≥2 (ref)
<2	3.85	3.43 to 4.32	<0.001	2.38	2.04 to 2.77	<0.001

Employment
Employed (ref)
Not employed	1.82	1.63 to 2.04	<0.001	1.05	0.88 to 1.25	0.551

Job grade
Managerial/ professional Intermediate (ref)	1.97	1.68 to 2.30	<0.001	1.40	1.18 to 1.71	<0.001
Routine/manual/ students/unemployed	3.32	2.94 to 3.75	<0.001	1.88	1.60 to 2.22	<0.001

Income
≥£10 000 (ref)
<£10 000	1.91	1.71 to 2.12	<0.001	1.41	1.19 to 1.67	<0.001

Home ownership
Owns/part-owns home (ref)
Does not own home	2.04	1.83 to 2.27	<0.001	1.32	1.13 to 1.60	<0.001

Area deprivation
0–9 (ref)
10–19	1.50	1.29 to 1.75	<0.001	1.25	0.97 to 1.60	0.075
20–29	1.92	1.61 to 2.28	<0.001	1.46	1.16 to 1.83	0.001
30–39	2.95	2.44 to 3.57	<0.001	1.58	1.28 to 1.96	<0.001
≥40	4.04	3.37 to 4.85	<0.001	1.94	1.54 to 2.46	<0.001

Access to information score
≥9 (ref)
5–8	2.21	1.94 to 2.51	<0.001	1.78	1.51 to 2.11	<0.001
<5	5.89	5.02 to 6.90	<0.001	3.11	2.56 to 3.79	<0.001