Mental health and physiological outcomes for simplified sleep restriction versus control at baseline and 6 months. Data presented as mean (SD)
| Simplified sleep restriction | Control | Difference between the groupsb,d,e (95% CI) P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline score,a n= 46 | 6-month score,a n= 43 | Mean change (95% CI)b,c,d | Baseline score,a n= 51 | 6-month score,a n= 50 | Mean change (95% CI)b,c,d | ||
| Mental health outcomes | |||||||
| PHQ-9 depression score | 4.98 (2.76) | 2.93 (2.39) | 2.19 (−3.21, −1.17) | 5.31 (2.80) | 3.62 (2.69) | −1.66 (−2.54 to −0.78) | −0.53 (−1.77 to 0.71) 0.40 |
| GAD-7 anxiety score | 3.33 (3.06) | 1.47 (1.88) | −1.76 (−2.59 to −0.92) | 3.41 (2.45) | 2.56 (2.35) | −0.84 (−1.56 to −0.12) | −0.92 (−1.93 to 0.10) 0.08 |
| Physiological measures | |||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 122.24 (2.06) | 121.21 (2.15) | −1.33 (−4.28 to 1.63) | 123.88 (1.87)f | 125.06 (1.97)g | 0.25 (−3.48 to 3.98)h | −1.58 (−6.34 to 3.19) 0.50 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75.52 (1.53) | 74.51 (1.42) | −1.30 (−3.29 to 0.68) | 75.62 (1.27) | 74.92 (1.48)g | −1.46 (−3.97 to 1.05)h | 0.16 (−3.05 to 3.37) 0.90 |
| Heart rate, beats per minute | 68.91 (1.45) | 69.47 (1.57) | 0.72 (−1.98 to 3.43) | 73.29 (1.52) | 69.61 (1.37)g | −3.82 (−6.45 to−1.19)g | 4.54 (0.81 to 8.27) 0.02 |
Statistically significant results are in bold.
↵a Observed (raw) data.
↵b Multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and baseline insomnia severity (using Insomnia Severity Index score26).
↵c Least square mean for change from baseline to 6-month score.
↵d Differences in physiological measures calculated from t-test procedure in SAS.
↵e Least square mean difference for change from baseline to 6-month score between sleep restriction and control group.
↵f n = 50 due to machine error.
↵g n = 49.
↵h n = 48. PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9. GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7.34