Positive predictive values for bladder/renal cancer for blood test results, including anaemia features
| Cancer | Study | Symptom | Age group and sex | Frequency of symptoms in patients with urinary tract cancer | PPV% (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renal | Shephard (2013) | Raised inflammatory markers | ≥60 years | 640/2454 = 26% | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) |
| Bladder | Shephard (2012) | Raised inflammatory markers | ≥60 years | 271/4358 = 6% | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) |
| Bladder | Shephard (2012) | Raised creatinine | ≥60 years | 648/4358 = 15% | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) |
| Renal | Shephard (2013) | Thrombocytosis | ≥60 years | 289/2454 = 12% | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.3) |
| Renal | Shephard (2013) | Microcytosis | ≥60 years | 194/2454 = 8% | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4) |
| Bladder | Shephard (2012) | Raised white blood cell count | ≥60 years | 222/4358 = 5% | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.2) |
| Bladder and renal | Collins (2013) | Anaemia | 30–84 years | 102/2283 = 4% | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.7) |
| Bladder and renal | Hippisley-Cox (2012) | Anaemia | 30–84 years | 68/1622 = 4% | 0.69 (0.5 to 0.9) |
| Bladder and renal | Collins (2013) | Anaemia | Males 30–84 years | 57/1685 = 3% | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.9) |
| Bladder and renal | Collins (2013) | Anaemia | Females 30–84 years | 45/598 = 8% | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.5) |
PPV= positive predictive value.