Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

StudyCountryDesignTotal number eligiblePatients with urinary tract cancerReference standard
Bruyninckx (2003)BelgiumProspective series using a register populated by GPs40942≥18-month clinical follow-up
Collins and Altman (2013)UKRetrospective series using the THIN database2 145 13322832-year follow-up in primary care records
Deyo (1988)USProspective series from a walk-in clinic19751≥18-month follow-up in institutional tumour registry
Friedlander (2014)USRetrospective series using the Vanderbilt University Medical Centre’s Research Derivative245549180-day follow-up in the Vanderbilt University Medical Centre’s Research Derivative
Hippisley-Cox and Coupland (2012)UKProspective series using patients in the QResearch database (version 30)1 240 72216222-year follow-up in primary care records
Jones (2007)UKRetrospective series using the GPRDa11 1086343-year follow-up in primary care records
Muris (1995)The NetherlandsProspective series from 80/460 GPs in Limburg9331Follow-up for ≥12 months (mean = 18 months)
Oudega (2006)The NetherlandsProspective series from all 50 primary care physicians within a catchment area (∼130 000 inhabitants) of a non-teaching hospital4305b2-year follow-up in primary care records
Price (2014)/Shephard (2012)UKMatched case-control study using patients in the GPRDa21 7184915Bladder cancer code in the UK’s GPRD
Shephard (2013)UKMatched case-control study using patients in the GPRDa14 0913149Renal cancer code in the UK’s GPRD

  • ↵a The GPRD has since been renamed the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).

  • ↵b The study reports only on prevalence of ‘urogenital’ malignancies as a whole and not split by urological or genital categories. GPRD = General Practice Research Database.