Table 2.

Symptoms of acute and chronic leukaemia

Symptom	Acute leukaemia

	Cases, n (%) n = 937	Controls, n (%) n = 4214	Likelihood ratio, (95% CI)	OR in multivariable analysis (95% CI)
Infection^{^a}	237 (25)	651 (15)	1.6 (1.4 to 1.9)	1.5 (1.3 to 1.8)
Shortness of breath	136 (15)	248 (6)	2.5 (2.0 to 3.0)	2.5 (1.9 to 3.2)
Fatigue	109 (12)	128 (3)	3.8 (3.0 to 4.9)	4.4 (3.3 to 6.0)
Chest pain	90 (10)	202 (5)	2.0 (1.6 to 2.5)	1.5 (1.1 to 2.1)
Abdominal pain	89 (10)	202 (5)	2.0 (1.6 to 2.5)	1.7 (1.2 to 2.2)
Diarrhoea	64 (7)	118 (3)	2.4 (1.8 to 3.3)	2.2 (1.5 to 3.1)
Malaise	57 (6)	58 (1)	4.4 (3.1 to 6.3)	3.4 (2.2 to 5.2)
Vomiting and nausea	56 (6)	98 (2)	2.6 (1.9 to 3.5)	1.8 (1.2 to 2.6)
Bruising^{^b}	41 (4)	52 (1)	3.6 (2.4 to 5.3)	3.7 (2.3 to 5.8)
Fever	28 (3)	19 (0.5)	6.6 (3.7 to 12)	5.3 (2.7 to 10)
Nosebleeds and bleeding gums	26 (3)	30 (0.7)	3.9 (2.3 to 6.6)	5.7 (3.1 to 10)
Flu	20 (2)	24 (0.6)	3.8 (2.1 to 6.8)	3.9 (2.0 to 7.5)
Weight loss	18 (2)	33 (1)	2.5 (1.4 to 4.3)	3.0 (1.5 to 5.8)

Symptom	Chronic leukaemia

	Cases, n (%) n = 2877	Controls, n (%) n = 12 811	Likelihood ratio, (95% CI)	OR in multivariable analysis (95% CI)
Infection^{^a}	608 (21)	1887 (15)	1.4 (1.3 to 1.6)	1.5 (1.3 to 1.6)
Cough	415 (14)	1394 (11)	1.3 (1.2 to 1.5)	1.2 (1.1 to 1.4)
Hypertension	403 (14)	1619 (13)	1.1 (1.0 to 1.2)	1.2 (1.1 to 1.4)
Shortness of breath	214 (7)	666 (5)	1.4 (1.2 to 1.7)	1.3 (1.1 to 1.5)
Fatigue	196 (7)	409 (3)	2.1 (1.8 to 2.5)	2.1 (1.8 to 2.6)
Diarrhoea	138 (5)	381 (3)	1.6 (1.3 to 2.0)	1.4 (1.1 to 1.7)
Lymphadenopathy	90 (3)	18 (0.1)	22 (13 to 37)	22 (13 to 36)
Malaise	70 (2)	170 (1)	1.8 (1.4 to 2.4)	1.7 (1.3 to 2.3)
Weight loss	65 (2)	93 (1)	3.1 (2.3 to 4.3)	3.0 (2.1 to 4.2)
Bruising^{^b}	58 (2)	115 (1)	2.3 (1.6 to 3.1)	2.3 (1.6 to 3.2)

↵a Infection consists of urinary tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, skin infection, and chest infection symptoms.
↵b Bruising consists of bruising, haematoma, and contusion symptoms.