Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis
| Variable (baseline) | Group | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) | Female | 0.571 (0.505 to 0.645) | <0.001 |
| Agea | 0.984 (0.977 to 0.99) | <0.001 | |
| First BZD (diazepam) | Oxazepam | 1.328 (1.167 to 1.512) | <0.001 |
| Previous medication | Antidepressants and lithium | 1.687 (1.491 to 1.91) | <0.001 |
| Antipsychotics | 1.753 (1.488 to 2.066) | <0.001 | |
| Opioids, anti-alcohol, and smoking cessation drugs | 3.042 (2.285 to 4.049) | <0.001 | |
| Drugs for rheumatic diseases | 1.216 (0.968 to 1.529) | 0.093 | |
| Drugs for COPD | 1.288 (1.089 to 1.523) | 0.003 | |
| Education (low) | High | 0.647 (0.574 to 0.73) | <0.001 |
| Income (low) | Average | 0.719 (0.615 to 0.841) | <0.001 |
| High | 0.569 (0.453 to 0.714) | <0.001 | |
| Type of work (no registration) | Private sector | 0.622 (0.520 to 0.743) | <0.001 |
| Public sector | 0.613 (0.518 to 0.725) | <0.001 | |
↵a The only continuous variable. BZD = benzodiazepines. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.