Participants’ baseline characteristics
| Characteristics | Total n = 41 042 | Intervention n = 21 619 | Control n = 19 423 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 19 039 (46.4) | 9971 (46.1) | 9068 (46.7) |
| Female | 22 003 (53.6) | 11 648 (53.9) | 10 355 (53.3) |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 58.7 (5.6) | 58.8 (5.6) | 58.7 (5.6) |
| Age groups, n (%) | |||
| 50–54 | 11 991 (29.2) | 6195 (28.7) | 5796 (29.8) |
| 55–69 | 10 765 (26.2) | 5590 (25.9) | 5175 (26.6) |
| 60–64 | 9910 (24.1) | 5411 (25.0) | 4499 (23.2) |
| 65–69 | 8376 (20.4) | 4423 (20.5) | 3953 (20.4) |
| Smoking, n (%) | |||
| Never smokers | 14 028 (34.2) | 7429 (34.4) | 6599 (34.0) |
| Smokers | 6908 (16.8) | 3703 (17.1) | 3205 (16.5) |
| Ever smokers | 8105 (19.7) | 4507 (20.8) | 3598 (18.5) |
| Unknown | 12 001 (29.2) | 5980 (27.7) | 6021 (31.0) |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | |||
| Non drinkers | 16 352 (39.8) | 8792 (40.7) | 7560 (38.9) |
| Low-risk drinkers | 9349 (22.8) | 5008 (23.2) | 4341 (22.3) |
| High-risk drinkers | 760 (1.9) | 413 (1.9) | 347 (1.8) |
| Unknown | 14 581 (35.5) | 7406 (34.3) | 7175 (36.9) |
| Body mass index, n (%) | |||
| Low weight | 539 (1.3) | 284 (1.3) | 255 (1.3) |
| Normal weight | 5351 (13.0) | 2847 (13.2) | 2504 (12.9) |
| Overweight | 9193 (22.4) | 4898 (22.7) | 4295 (22.1) |
| Obesity | 6474 (15.8) | 3450 (16.0) | 3024 (15.6) |
| Morbid obesity | 583 (1.4) | 291 (1.3) | 292 (1.5) |
| Unknown | 18 902 (46.1) | 9849 (45.6) | 9053 (46.6) |
| Socioeconomic deprivation index quintiles, n (%) | |||
| Q1 | 7648 (18.6) | 4188 (19.4) | 3460 (17.8) |
| Q2 | 7724 (18.8) | 3893 (18.0) | 3831 (19.7) |
| Q3 | 7511 (18.3) | 4128 (19.1) | 3383 (17.4) |
| Q4 | 7706 (18.8) | 3942 (18.2) | 3764 (19.4) |
| Q5 | 7547 (18.4) | 3832 (17.7) | 3715 (19.1) |
| Unknown | 2906 (7.1) | 1636 (7.6) | 1270 (6.5) |
| Visits to PCC during the study period, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 10 163 (24.8) | 5183 (24.0) | 4980 (25.6) |
| 1 | 3295 (8.0) | 1731 (8.0) | 1564 (8.0) |
| 2 | 3246 (7.9) | 1748 (8.1) | 1498 (7.7) |
| 3 | 3081 (7.5) | 1629 (7.5) | 1452 (7.5) |
| 4 | 2841 (6.9) | 1509 (7.0) | 1332 (6.9) |
| ≥ 5 | 18 416 (44.9) | 9819 (45.4) | 8597 (44.3) |
| Clinical risk group, n (%) | |||
| Without dominant chronic illness | 15 827 (38.6) | 8459 (39.1) | 7368 (37.9) |
| With dominant chronic illness | 23 132 (56.4) | 12 136 (56.1) | 10 996 (56.6) |
| Unknown | 2083 (5.1) | 1024 (4.7) | 1059 (5.5) |
PCC = primary care centre. SD = standard deviation.