Total | 2277 | 30 (1.3) | | |
|
Age of child | | | | |
<6 months | 369 (16.2) | 5 (1.4) | 1.72 | 0.54 to 5.46 |
6 to<12 months | 603 (26.5) | 11 (1.8) | 2.33 | 0.90 to 6.04 |
1 to<2 years | 884 (38.8) | 7 (0.8) | 1 | ref |
2 to<3 years | 353 (15.5) | 7 (2.0) | 2.53 | 0.88 to 7.28 |
3 to<4 years | 58 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | n/a | |
≥4 years | 10 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | n/a | |
|
Time from index tests to taking urine sample | | | | |
Sample before recruitment | 120 (5.3) | 2 (1.7) | 1.33 | 0.31 to 5.67 |
<24 hours | 1982 (87.0) | 25 (1.3) | 1 | ref |
24 to <48 hours | 109 (4.8) | 3 (2.8) | 2.22 | 0.66 to 7.45 |
48 to <72 hours | 18 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | n/a | |
≥72 hours | 48 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | n/a | |
|
Clinician diagnosis prior to dipstick | | | | |
No UTI certain to very certain | 1033 (45.4) | 8 (0.8) | 0.52 | 0.22 to 1.19 |
Uncertain or no UTI fairly certain | 1201 (52.7) | 18 (1.5) | 1 | ref |
UTI fairly to very certain | 38 (1.7) | 4 (10.5) | 7.76 | 2.49 to 24.18 |
Missing | 5 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | | |
|
Sex | | | | |
Male | 1183 (52.0) | 9 (0.8) | 1 | ref |
Female | 1094 (48.0) | 21 (1.9) | 2.55 | 1.16 to 5.60 |
|
Smelly urine | | | | |
No problem | 1518 (66.7) | 12 (0.8) | 1 | ref |
Slight problem | 206 (9.0) | 4 (1.9) | 2.20 | 0.73 to 6.61 |
Moderate problem | 138 (6.1) | 5 (3.6) | 4.18 | 1.52 to 11.50 |
Severe problem | 26 (1.1) | 4 (15.4) | 20.21 | 6.29 to 64.97 |
Missing/not known | 389 (17.1) | 5 (1.3) | | |
|
Darker urine | | | | |
No problem | 1764 (77.5) | 19 (1.1) | 1 | ref |
Slight problem | 83 (3.6) | 2 (2.4) | 2.19 | 0.51 to 9.43 |
Moderate or severe problem | 41 (1.8) | 4 (9.8) | 9.59 | 3.17 to 29.02 |
Missing/not known | 389 (17.1) | 5 (1.3) | | |
|
Nappy rashd | | | | |
No problem | 1715 (75.3) | 29 (1.7) | 1 | ref |
Slight to severe problem | 560 (24.6) | 1 (0.2) | 0.10 | 0.01 to 0.77 |
Missing | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | | |
|
Dipstick: leucocytes | | | | |
Negative | 1759 (77.3) | 13 (0.7) | 1 | ref |
Trace | 125 (5.5) | 1 (0.8) | 1.09 | 0.14 to 8.38 |
+ | 119 (5.2) | 4 (3.4) | 4.69 | 1.50 to 14.61 |
++ | 177 (7.8) | 4 (2.3) | 3.12 | 1.01 to 9.66 |
+++ | 91 (4.0) | 8 (8.8) | 12.99 | 5.24 to 32.20 |
Missing | 6 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | | |
|
Dipstick: nitrites | | | | |
Negative | 1916 (84.1) | 13 (0.7) | 1 | ref |
Positive | 355 (15.6) | 17 (4.8) | 7.39 | 3.55 to 15.35 |
Missing | 6 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | | |