Table 2.

Behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used by the studies included in the review

BCT label⁸	BCT group	Example of how the BCT was used	Frequency of use	Studies where found
3.1 Social support (unspecified)	Social support	‘... motivational and educational materials to participants via text messages ...’ ²⁰	11	¹⁶^–²⁴^,²⁵^,²⁶
1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)	Goals and planning	‘Exercise targets were at least 30 min of moderate activity...’ ²⁰	10	¹⁶^–²⁰^,²²^–²⁵
11.2 Reduce negative emotions	Regulation	‘… relaxation and stress management techniques ...’ ¹⁹	7	¹⁶^–²⁰^,²⁵^,²⁶
4.1 Instruction on how to perform the behaviour	Shaping knowledge	‘Patients were carefully instructed in the training programme ...’ ²⁴	7	¹⁶^–¹⁹^,²³^–²⁵
2.1 Monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback	Feedback and monitoring	‘... used a smartphone for health and exercise monitoring ...’ ²⁰	6	¹⁶^–²⁰^,²³
2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour	Feedback and monitoring	‘Participants were asked to wear their heart rate monitors ... and upload their exercise data at least twice per week onto the website.’ ²¹	6	¹⁶^–²¹
2.4 Self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour	Feedback and monitoring	‘Each participant was equipped with a smartphone ... with health diary and activity monitoring applications, blood pressure monitor and weight scale.’ ²⁰	6	¹⁶^–²¹
9.1 Credible source	Comparison of outcomes	‘... monthly ask-an-expert group chat sessions.’ ²¹	6	¹⁸^,²¹^–²⁵
11.1 Pharmacological support	Regulation	‘… nurse counselled patients ..., giving information on … drug treatment.’ ¹⁸	6	¹⁶^–¹⁹^,²³^,²⁶
5.1 Information about health consequences	Natural consequences	‘… simple explanations about coronary heart disease …’ ¹⁸	5	¹⁸^–²⁰^,²⁵^,²⁶
2.5 Monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour without feedback	Feedback and monitoring	‘Regarding risk factor intervention and medical adjustment, the patients consulted a cardiologist at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months.’ ²⁴	3	²¹^,²²^,²⁴
3.2 Social support (practical)	Social support	‘… technical phone support during the trial if required.’ ²⁰	3	¹⁹^,²⁰^,²⁵
12.5 Adding objects to the environment	Antecedents	‘Each participant was equipped with a smartphone …’ ²⁰	3	¹⁸^–²⁰
1.2 Problem solving	Goals and planning	‘… self-help treatments for psychological problems commonly experienced by patients with myocardial infarction …’ ¹⁹	2	¹⁹^,²⁶
2.2 Feedback on behaviour	Feedback and monitoring	‘Mentors reviewed participants’ updated data prior to weekly consultations ... to provide informed, personalised feedback on progress ...’ ²⁰	2	²⁰^,²²
2.6 Biofeedback	Feedback and monitoring	‘Before beginning a training session, patients … used the mobile phone to answer a series of questions regarding their present condition, including fatigue, dyspnoea, blood pressure, body mass, and medication taken. Patients then transmitted resting ECG data to the monitoring centre. If no contraindications to training were identified, patients were given permission to start the training session.’ ²²	2	²⁰^,²²
5.6 Information about emotional consequences	Natural consequences	‘... specific self-help treatments for psychological problems commonly experienced by patients with myocardial infarction...’ ¹⁹	2	¹⁸^,¹⁹
6.1 Demonstration of the behaviour	Comparison of behaviour	‘A physiotherapist made home visits … in order to develop a training programme that could be performed at home and in the surrounding outdoor area.’ ²³	2	²³^,²⁵
8.1 Behavioural practice/rehearsal	Repetition and substitution	‘In order to prescribe adequate exercise programmes, a 6-minute walk test and a maximal symptom-limited exercise capacity test on bicycle ergometer … was conducted. The main types of stationary exercise recommended were self-paced brisk walking and cycling.’ ²³	2	²³^,²⁵
2.7 Feedback on outcome(s) of behaviour	Feedback and monitoring	‘… personalised feedback on progress according to goals set.’ ²⁰	1	²⁰