Table 1.

Main results of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VADT trials

	ACCORD³ N= 10 251		ADVANCE⁴ N= 11 140		VADT⁵ N= 1791
Δ HbA1c versus control	−1.1%		−0.8%		−1.5%
Primary outcome	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Primary outcome	0.90 (0.78 to 1.04)^a	0.16	0.94 (0.82 to 0.98^b	0.01	0.88 (0.74 to 1.05)^c	0.14
MI + stroke + CV death	0.90 (0.78 to 1.04)	0.16	1.06 (0.94 to 1.16)	0.31	NA
Death	1.14 (1.01 to 1.46)	0.04	0.93 (0.83 to 1.06)	0.28	1.07 (0.81 to 1.42)	0.62
CV mortality	1.35 (1.04 to 1.76)	0.02	0.93 (0.85 to 1.02)	0.12	1.32 (0.81 to 2.14)	0.26
Non-fatal MI	0.76 (0.62 to 0.92)	0.004	1.02 (0.77 to 1.22)	0.86	0.82 (0.59 to 1.14)	0.24
Non-fatal stroke	1.06 (0.75 to 1.50)	0.74	0.98 (0.76 to 1.15)	NR	0.78 (0.48 to 1.28)	0.32
Severe hypoglycaemia	3.00 (2.55 to 3.54)	<0.0005	1.86 (1.42 to 2.80)	<0.001	3.52 (2.50 to 5.31)	<0.005

↵a MI + stroke + CV death.
↵b ‘Major vascular events’: MI + stroke + CV death + new or worsening nephropathy (albumin–creatinine ratio >300 µg of albumin per milligram of creatinine or doubling of the serum creatinine level to at least 2.26 mg per decilitre or need for renal-replacement therapy, or death due to renal disease) + retinopathy (development of proliferative retinopathy, or macular oedema or diabetes-related blindness, or the use of retinal photocoagulation therapy).
↵c MI + stroke + CV death + heart failure + angina + vascular surgery + amputation. CV = cardiovascular. HR = hazard ratio. MI = myocardial infarction. NR = not reported. Bold = significant.